Future Time: Be Going To, Will, and the Present Continuous Grammar Sense 2, Chapter 7

The Future with Be Going to and the Present Continuous

 Affirmative Statements SUBJECT BEGOING TOBASE FORM OF VERB I amgoing tohelplater. You are going tohelplater. He is going to help later. She is going to help later. It is going to help later. Wearegoing tohelplater. Youaregoing tohelplater. Theyaregoing tohelplater. The Future with Be Going To

 Negative Statements SUBJECTBENOT GOING TO BASE FORM OF VERB I amnot going to helplater. You are not going to helplater. He is not going to help later. She is not going to help later. It is not going to help later. Wearenot going to helplater. Youarenot going to helplater. Theyarenot going to helplater. The Future with Be Going To

 Yes/No Questions and Short Answers BE SUBJECT GOING TO BASE FORM OF VERB Are you going to help later? Yes, I am./No, I’m not. Is she going to help later? Yes, she is/No, she isn’t. Are they going to help later? Yes, they are./No, they aren’t. The Future with Be Going To

 Information Questions WH-WORD BE SUBJECT GOING TO BASE FORM OF VERB Whoareyougoing to calllater? Whatisshegoing to dotomorrow? Whenaretheygoing to studyat the library? WH-WORD BE GOING TO BASE FORM OF VERB Who is going to winthe election? What is going to happennext? The Future with Be Going To

The Present Continuous as Future

 Affirmative Statements SUBJECT BEBASE FORM OF VERB + ING She ishelping later.  Negative Statements SUBJECT BENOTBASE FORM OF VERB + ING She isnothelping later. The Present Continuous as Future

 Yes/No Questions BE SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB + ING Are they helping later?  Information Questions WH-WORDBE SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB + ING Whenaretheyhelping? The Present Continuous as Future

Meaning and Use Notes Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future

 Use be going to to talk about intentions or future plans. I’m going to study hard for the test. I’m going to visit Greece this summer. A: What is Josh going to study at college? B: He’s going to study chemistry. Meaning and Use: Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future

 Use the present continuous tense to talk about intentions or future plans.  A future time expression is usually used with the present continuous to show that the sentence refers to the future (and not something happening now).  The verbs go, come, do, and have, as well as verbs related to travel, are especially common with the present continuous as future. Meaning and Use: Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future

Examples: When are you coming to see me? I’m visiting Greece this summer. My flight is arriving in the afternoon. My father is meeting me at the airport. A: What are you doing tomorrow? B: I’m having lunch with friends. Then we’re going to a movie. Meaning and Use: Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future

 The present continuous often refers to more definite plans than be going to.  With be going to, the speaker often has not decided on the details. Meaning and Use: Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future

 Present Continuous as Future (Details Definite) I’m taking a 3:00 flight to Chicago. In Chicago, I’m changing planes and flying on to Miami.  Be Going To (Details Not Definite) A: I’m going to buy a car. B: What kind are you going to get? A: I don’t know yet. Meaning and Use: Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future

 Use be going to for predictions (guesses about the future), especially when there is evidence that something is just about to happen.  The present continuous is not used to make predictions. Be careful! That glass is going to fall! It’s cloudy. I think it’s going to rain tonight. X It’s cloudy. I think it’s raining tonight. (INCORRECT) Meaning and Use: Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future

 today  tonight  tomorrow  the day after tomorrow  tomorrow morning/afternoon/night  They’re arriving tomorrow.  in five minutes  in a few days  in a few months  He’s going to call in a few hours. Future Time Expressions

 this afternoon  this Sunday  this week  this year  This spring  I’m leaving this week.  next Sunday  next week  next August  next month  next year  Next week I’m visiting Ana. Future Time Expressions

 the week after next  the weekend after next  the month after next  the year after next  We’re having a test the week after next Future Time Expressions

 Affirmative Statements SUBJECT WILLBASE FORM OF VERB I willleavetomorrow. Youwillleave tomorrow. Hewill leavetomorrow. Shewillleavetomorrow. Itwill leavetomorrow. Wewillleavetomorrow. Youwillleavetomorrow. Theywillleavetomorrow. The Future Will

 Negative Statements SUBJECT WILLNOTBASE FORM OF VERB I willnotleavetomorrow. Youwillnotleave tomorrow. Hewill notleavetomorrow. Shewillnotleavetomorrow. Itwill notleavetomorrow. Wewillnotleavetomorrow. Youwillnotleavetomorrow. Theywillnotleavetomorrow. The Future Will

 Contractions I will leave tomorrow. I’ll leave tomorrow. She will leave tomorrow. She’ll leave tomorrow. They will leave tomorrow. They’ll leave tomorrow. The Future Will

 Contractions I will not leave tomorrow. I won’t leave tomorrow. She will not leave tomorrow. She won’t leave tomorrow. They will not leave tomorrow. They won’t leave tomorrow. The Future Will

 Yes/No Questions WILL SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB Will you leave tomorrow? Yes, I will./No I won’t. Will sheleavetomorrow? Yes, she will./No, she won’t. Willtheyleavetomorrow? Yes, they will./No, they won’t. The Future Will

 Information Questions WH-WORDWILLSUBJECTBASE FORM OF VERB Who willhesee at the wedding tomorrow? Whatwilltheydo later? WH-WORDWILLBASE FORM OF VERB Whowill leavefirst? What willhappennext? The Future Will

 Predictions with Will and Be Going To Use will or be going to to make predictions (guesses about the future). You can also use probably and other adverbs with will and be going to to express certainty. Will Electric cars will become popular in the next ten years. They’ll probably win the championship. Be Going To Electric cars are going to become popular in the next ten years. They’re probably going to win the championship. Will vs. Be Going To

 With predictions, the meanings of will and be going to are not exactly the same.  Use be going to when you are more certain that an event will happen because there is evidence. Do not use will in this situation. She’s going to have a baby.X She’ll have a baby! (INCORRECT) Will vs. Be Going To

 Quick Decisions vs. Advance Plans In statements with I, will, and be going to have different meanings: will—often used to express a quick decision at the time of speaking (such as an offer to help). be going to—shows that you have thought about something in advance. Do not use be going to for quick decisions. Will vs. Be Going To