1. Future Time: Be Going To, Will, and the Present Continuous

2. The Future with Be Going to and the Present Continuous

3. The Future with Be Going To
Affirmative Statements
SUBJECT BE GOING TO BASE FORM OF VERB
I am going to help later.
You are going to help later.
He is going to help later.
She is going to help later.
It is going to help later.
We are going to help later.
You are going to help later.
They are going to help later.

4. The Future with Be Going To
Negative Statements
SUBJECT BE NOT GOING TO BASE FORM OF VERB
I am not going to help later.
You are not going to help later.
He is not going to help later.
She is not going to help later.
It is not going to help later.
We are not going to help later.
You are not going to help later.
They are not going to help later.

5. The Future with Be Going To
Yes/No Questions and Short Answers
BE SUBJECT GOING TO BASE FORM OF VERB
Are you going to help later? Yes, I am./No, I’m not.
Is she going to help later? Yes, she is/No, she isn’t.
Are they going to help later? Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.

6. The Future with Be Going To
Information Questions
WH-WORD BE SUBJECT GOING TO BASE FORM OF VERB
Who are you going to call later?
What is she going to do tomorrow?
When are they going to study at the library?
WH-WORD BE GOING TO BASE FORM OF VERB
Who is going to win the election?
What is going to happen next?

7. The Present Continuous as Future

8. The Present Continuous as Future
Affirmative Statements
SUBJECT BE BASE FORM OF VERB + ING
She is helping later.
Negative Statements
SUBJECT BE NOT BASE FORM OF VERB + ING
She is not helping later.

9. The Present Continuous as Future
Yes/No Questions
BE SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB + ING
Are they helping later?
Information Questions
WH-WORD BE SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB + ING
When are they helping?

10. Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future
Meaning and Use Notes

11. Meaning and Use: Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future
Use be going to to talk about intentions or future plans.
I’m going to study hard for the test.
I’m going to visit Greece this summer.
A: What is Josh going to study at college?
B: He’s going to study chemistry.

12. Meaning and Use: Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future
Use the present continuous tense to talk about intentions or future plans.
A future time expression is usually used with the present continuous to show that the sentence refers to the future (and not something happening now).
The verbs go, come, do, and have, as well as verbs related to travel, are especially common with the present continuous as future.

13. Meaning and Use: Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future
Examples: When are you coming to see me? I’m visiting Greece this summer. My flight is arriving in the afternoon. My father is meeting me at the airport. A: What are you doing tomorrow? B: I’m having lunch with friends. Then we’re going to a movie.

14. Meaning and Use: Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future
The present continuous often refers to more definite plans than be going to.
With be going to, the speaker often has not decided on the details.

15. Meaning and Use: Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future
Present Continuous as Future (Details Definite)
I’m taking a 3:00 flight to Chicago. In Chicago, I’m changing planes and flying on to Miami.
Be Going To (Details Not Definite)
A: I’m going to buy a car.
B: What kind are you going to get?
A: I don’t know yet.

16. Meaning and Use: Be Going To and the Present Continuous as Future
Use be going to for predictions (guesses about the future), especially when there is evidence that something is just about to happen.
The present continuous is not used to make predictions.
Be careful! That glass is going to fall!
It’s cloudy. I think it’s going to rain tonight.
X It’s cloudy. I think it’s raining tonight. (INCORRECT)

17. Future Time Expressions
today
tonight
tomorrow
the day after tomorrow
tomorrow morning/afternoon/night
They’re arriving tomorrow.
in five minutes
in a few days
in a few months
He’s going to call in a few hours.

18. Future Time Expressions
this afternoon
this Sunday
this week
this year
This spring
I’m leaving this week.
next Sunday
next week
next August
next month
next year
Next week I’m visiting Ana.

19. Future Time Expressions
the week after next
the weekend after next
the month after next
the year after next
We’re having a test the week after next

20. The Future Will Affirmative Statements SUBJECT WILL BASE FORM OF VERB
I will leave tomorrow.
You will leave tomorrow.
He will leave tomorrow.
She will leave tomorrow.
It will leave tomorrow.
We will leave tomorrow.
You will leave tomorrow.
They will leave tomorrow.

21. The Future Will Negative Statements SUBJECT WILL NOT BASE FORM OF VERB
I will not leave tomorrow.
You will not leave tomorrow.
He will not leave tomorrow.
She will not leave tomorrow.
It will not leave tomorrow.
We will not leave tomorrow.
You will not leave tomorrow.
They will not leave tomorrow.

22. The Future Will Contractions I will leave tomorrow.
She will leave tomorrow.
She’ll leave tomorrow.
They will leave tomorrow.
They’ll leave tomorrow.

23. The Future Will Contractions I will not leave tomorrow.
I won’t leave tomorrow.
She will not leave tomorrow.
She won’t leave tomorrow.
They will not leave tomorrow.
They won’t leave tomorrow.

24. The Future Will Yes/No Questions WILL SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB
Will you leave tomorrow? Yes, I will./No I won’t.
Will she leave tomorrow? Yes, she will./No, she won’t.
Will they leave tomorrow? Yes, they will./No, they won’t.

25. The Future Will Information Questions
WH-WORD WILL SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB
Who will he see at the wedding tomorrow?
What will they do later?
WH-WORD WILL BASE FORM OF VERB
Who will leave first?
What will happen next?

26. Will vs. Be Going To Predictions with Will and Be Going To
Use will or be going to to make predictions (guesses about the future). You can also use probably and other adverbs with will and be going to to express certainty.
Will
Electric cars will become popular in the next ten years.
They’ll probably win the championship.
Be Going To
Electric cars are going to become popular in the next ten years.
They’re probably going to win the championship.

27. Will vs. Be Going To
With predictions, the meanings of will and be going to are not exactly the same.
Use be going to when you are more certain that an event will happen because there is evidence. Do not use will in this situation.
She’s going to have a baby. X She’ll have a baby! (INCORRECT)

28. Will vs. Be Going To Quick Decisions vs. Advance Plans
In statements with I, will, and be going to have different meanings:
will—often used to express a quick decision at the time of speaking (such as an offer to help).
be going to—shows that you have thought about something in advance. Do not use be going to for quick decisions.