1. Future Forms
Ch. 4

2. Be Going To Be (am/is/are) + Going to + Verb
It is going to rain tonight.
We are not going to have class Friday.
Is it going to rain tonight?
Why are we going to have class Thursday?

3. Will Will + Verb I will grade your quizzes soon.
I will not finish grading your quizzes tonight.
Will you finish your assignment soon?
Where will you live in ten years?

4. Will vs. Be Going To
Will and Be Going To mean the same when they make predictions about the future.
It will be cloudy tomorrow.
It is going to be cloudy tomorrow.
Be Going To is used to express a prior plan (a plan you made before speaking)
I’m going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.
Will is used to express willingness (a decision you made at the moment of speaking)
“The phone is ringing.” “I will get it.”
Will as a negative can also express refusal with a person or object.
The car won’t start.
She will not work on the project with us.

5. Practice
Complete exercises 9, 10, and 11 – p

6. Future Time Clause (p. 67)
When the time clause is in the future, the simple present is used – will and be going to are not used in time clauses.
When Bob arrives, we will see him.
Before Linda leaves, she is going to finish her work.
Sometimes the present progressive is used with a time clause to describe a process that that will be in progress in the near future.
While I am traveling in Europe next year, I’m going to save money by staying in cheap hotels.

7. Practice
Complete Exercises 14 and 15 – p

8. Present Progressive as Future (p. 69)
May be used to express future time for a planned event or a definite intention.
My wife has an appointment. She is seeing the doctor next Tuesday.
I’m meeting Jim at the airport tomorrow.
We are going shopping this afternoon.
There is usually a suggestion that more than one person is aware of the event and that some preparation has already happened for the event (i.e. the event has been planned previously).
(Note: occurs with time word/phrase to let the reader/listener know you are talking about the future and not now)

9. Present Progressive as Future – Examples:
She is leaving. (Indicates she’s leaving NOW)
She is leaving in a few minutes. (indicates action in the future)
Is she leaving? (now)
Is she leaving in a few minutes? (future)
I am grading your quizzes. (now)
I am grading your quizzes tonight. (future)
Are you grading our quizzes? (now)
Are you grading our quizzes tonight? (future)

10. Simple Present as Future
Use when the statements are based on present facts that are fixed – like a schedule or calendar. These sentences usually contain time words/phrases.
The store opens at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
The plane leaves at noon.

11. Simple Present/Present Progressive as Future Practice
Chose the correct ending(s) for the sentence. There may be more than one correct answer.
We have tickets for a puppet show today. The show __________.
A. starts at 2:00 p.m.
B. is starting at 2:00 p.m.
C. Is going to start at 2:00 p.m.

12. Look at those black clouds! Pretty soon it ____________
A. rains
B. is raining
C. is going to rain
D. will rain

13. This afternoon I have a lunch date with a friend
This afternoon I have a lunch date with a friend. After that, we _____________.
A. are going to visit her aunt.
B. are visiting her aunt.
C. visit her aunt.

14. Practice
Complete Exercises 18 and 19, p

15. Future Progressive (p. 71)
Will + Be + Verb –ing
Be going to + Be + Verb –ing
I get home at 6:00 and then exercise for an hour. Jean is going to call at 7:00. I will be exercising when Jean arrives.
The dogs eat dinner at 5:00. I watch the news at 5:00. The dogs are going to be eating dinner while I am watching the news.

16. Future Progressive
Expresses an activity that will be in progress at a specific time in the future.
The activity is ongoing
Sometimes there is NO difference between the future progressive and will/be going to:
Don’t worry, she will be coming soon.
Don’t worry. She will come soon.

17. Future Continuous – More Examples
I will be returning at 5:00 p.m.
They will be arriving later.
You will not be watching a movie tonight.
You are going to be attending the lecture while I eat lunch.
The dogs are not going to be getting a bath tonight.

18. Practice
Complete exercises 22 and 23 on p. 72

19. Future Perfect
Expresses an activity that will be completed before another time or event in the future.
Can use either will or be going to (be will is more common).

20. Future Perfect Will + Have + Past Participle
Be going to + have + past participle
By the time I see you on Tuesday, I will have studied Chapter 8.
By the time I see you on Tuesday, I’m going to have studied Chapter 8.

21. Future Perfect Examples
I will graduate in June. I will see you in July. By the time I see you, I will have graduated.
It is now 3:00 p.m. At 6:00 p.m., I will have finished class.
Before the end of the semester, I will have studied a lot of grammar rules.

22. Future Perfect Progressive
Emphasizes the DURATION of an activity that will be in progress before another time or event in the future. Can use will or be going to (but will is more common).

23. Future Perfect Progressive
Will + have + Been + verb –ing
Be going to + have + been + verb –ing
At 10:00 p.m., I will have been sleeping for two hours.
At 10:00 p.m., I am going to have been sleeping for two hours.

24. Future Perfect Progressive Examples
By the time I am 65, I will have been teaching for over 40 years.
Robin starts work at 8:00 a.m. At noon, Robin will have been working for four hours.
By the end of the semester, you will have been studying level 4 grammar for five weeks.

25. Future Perfect vs. Future Perfect Progressive
Sometimes the future perfect and the future perfect progressive have the same meaning.
When Professor Jones retires next month, he will have taught for 45 years.
When Professor Jones retires next month, he will have been teaching for 45 years.
If this is confusing, don’t worry too much – both these forms are rarely used.

26. Practice Complete Exercise 25 – p. 73-74
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