Scientific Inquiry

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OBSERVATION AND INFERENCE? Essential question

Objectives – Part 1 Students should be able to:  Identify theories, laws, and hypothesis.  Explain the steps in the inquiry process.  Identify various kinds of variables.  Recognize the basic units of the SI System  Convert Between SI units  Use Lab Equipment to determine Physical Properties (Mass, Length, Volume, Density)  Graph and Analyze Raw data  Interpret at least 3 different kinds of graphs

Why do we use it? The scientific inquiry or process is used –to solve problems and reach to conclusions, –to maintain accurate records of experimentation, –and to be organized.

Scientific process involves observation! –To observe, scientists use their senses

Inference

Observing an item

Two Types of Observation Qualitative Quantitative

Two Types of Observation Qualitative – describe the object using words –Color, shape, texture… Example - Red apple Quantitative - describe the object using numbers –Height, width, length, mass Example – The apple is 5 cm height

Examples of Qualitative Observations Color – red Texture - rough Shininess - dull Brightness - light State of matterb -liquid

Length – 30 centimeters Volume - 50 milliliters Mass - 4 grams Weight - 4 grams Time – 30 seconds Temperature – 20 degrees Celsius Examples of Quantitative Observations

Types of Quantitative Measurements 1. Length 2. Volume 3. Mass 4. Weight 5. Time 6. Temperature

Ticket Out Claim today’s topic Cite something you learned today Explain what you just cited

Types of Quantitative Measurements 1. Length a. The distance from one point to another point. b. Base unit is the meter (m). c. Tool is the metric ruler. 2.Volume a. The amount of space a substance occupies. b. Base unit is the liter (L). c. Tools: metric ruler for regular solids or graduated cylinder for liquids. 3. Mass a. The amount of matter in a substance. b. Base unit - kilogram (kg). c. Tool is the balance 4.Weight a. A measure of gravitational force on an object. b. Unit is the Newton (N). c. Tool is the scale.

More Measurements 5. Time a. How long an event takes to occur. b. Unit is the second (s). c. Tool is the clock (stopwatch). 6. Temperature a. The amount of kinetic energy a substance has. b. SI unit is the Kelvin (K). c. Tool is the thermometer.

Lab Time! Observing Activity You are about to be assigned to a lab station.

Two Types of Observation Lab ObjectQualitative ObservationQuantitative Observations Observe 4 items to find: –qualitative observations

Science Project using Scientific Inquiry

S I Unit of Measurement

The International System of Measurement - SI is commonly called the metric system in the United States. All science measurements are made using this system.

The importance of the SI (metric system) - its use in product design, –manufacturing, –marketing, –and labeling

Know these SI units: Meter - unit of length Kilogram - unit of mass Liter - unit of volume Celsius degrees - unit of temperature Second - unit of time

An approximate comparison of the two systems: English System Metric System inches centimeters yard meter mile kilometer ounces grams or milliliters pound kilogram or liters degrees: Farenheihs Celsius and Kelvin

Why do we need a measurement system? When experiments are performed there are almost always some observations where questions like "how fast", "how far", or "how much" must be answered. –The only way to answer these questions is through measuring. Because of this, numbers in science will always have "units". –These units are just as important as the numbers when communicating observations. Never write a number without its units.

A little bit of history The International System of Units, universally abbreviated SI (from the French Le Système International d'Unités), was established in 1960

Know these SI prefixes: Mega Kilo Centi Milli You can find the units of measurement and conversions in your textbook and in your agenda

Measurement Lab Using the International System You are about to be assigned to a lab station. Observe each item (use different tools to measure such as ruler, meter stick, scale, graduated cylinder, thermometer) Create a Chart to record your measurements

Measurement Lab Objective: Be able to measure objects using SI Unit of Measurement (metric system) so another researcher can have accurate observations Materials - Different objects –Water –Wooden stick –Different tools to do measures (ruler, meter stick, scale, graduated cylinder Pencil & paper Procedure: 1. Group of 2 or 3 students 2. Use specific tools to measure each one of the objects obtained from your teacher 3. Write your observations using the SI Unit Conclusion: Why is the SI unit of measurement important?

Using SI Unit Measurement Lab Object or activity performed Tool used to measure the object or activity performed Measurement/unit Height of black table Temperature outside Volume of water Temperature of water Time it takes for you to walk around the classroom Length of wooden pallet Mass of wooden pallet Conclusion: Why is the SI unit of measurement important? Use the bottom of either pg. 9 or 10 to draw and label 5 of the tools you used to measure during the lab

A Science Experiment sQschttp:// sQsc

EXIT QUESTIONS