1. Scientific Measurement

2. Scientists use the International System (SI) of Measurement
Each unit is 10 times smaller or larger than the next
Prefixes are used to indicate the size of the unit

3. Metric Prefixes Prefix Symbol Meaning Value *kilo- k Thousand 1000
hecto- h
Hundred
100
deka- da
Ten 10
(none)
One 1
deci- d
Tenth
1/10
*centi- c
Hundredth
1/100
*milli- m
Thousandth
1/1000

4. Types of Measurement Mass = the amount of matter an object contains
Unit: gram (g); the SI unit is the kilogram (kg)
Tool: balance

5. Types of Measurement 2. Length = the distance between two points
Unit: meter (m)
Tools: ruler, meter stick, measuring tape, etc.

6. Types of Measurement
3. Volume = the amount of space an object occupies
Units: (1) for solids – cubic centimeter (cm3)
(2) for liquids or gases – liter(L)
Tool: a graduated cylinder (liquids)

7. Types of Measurement 4. Temperature = the measure of heat in an object
Unit: celsius degree (Co)
Tool: thermometer

8. Steps used by scientists in order to solve problems
Scientific Method
Steps used by scientists in order to solve problems

9. Scientific Method Determine a Problem
Must be testable (cannot be opinion)
Example
Who is the prettiest girl in the class? OR
Who is the tallest girl in the class?

10. Scientific Method 2. Form a Hypothesis
a testable statement that suggests an answer to the problem
Example
If all the heights of the girls in the class are measured, then Jane should be the tallest.

11. Scientific Method 3. Design an Experiment
The best experiments test only one variable at a time
The variable that is changed during the experiment is the independent (manipulated) variable

12. Scientific Method
The variable that is being observed/measured is the dependent (responding) variable
All other conditions are constant (don’t change)
The test group with normal conditions is the control

13. Scientific Method Record Data
Quantitative data uses numbers (counts, measurements)
Qualitative data uses observations (smell, color)

14. Scientific Method Analyze the Results
should be arranged in tables, charts, and/or graphs
Draw Conclusion(s)
Must state if the data rejected or supported the hypothesis

15. Scientific Method Revise or Repeat
If the hypothesis is rejected, revise (the hypothesis or experiment) before doing again
If the hypothesis is supported, repeat the experiment to verify your results

16. Scientific Theory – natural phenomenon supported by a large body of experimental evidence - can be changed with additional evidence Scientific Law – natural law accepted as fact (gravity)