Physiological Responses to Injury … continued BTEC – Level 3

Learning Objectives … Understand the classification of injuries and the different stages … Be able to identify the differences between Sprains and Strains … Categorise the severity of Sprains & Strains …

Classification of Injuries Injury Classification … 1) Acute Stage (0 to 72 Hours after Injury) 2) Sub-acute Stage (72 Hours to 21 days after Injury) 3) Chronic Continuum (21 days after Injury) Severity will dictate stages 2 and 3 of the above model (Less Severe will reach 21 before day 21; More Severe may take longer than 21 days)

Injuries … Soft or Hard tissue? Soft Tissue; Muscles, Tendons, Ligaments & Skin … Hard Tissue; Skeleton, Joints, Bones & Skeleton ...

Ligaments and Tendons Soft Tissue … damaged during sports 1) Ligaments connect bone to bone … 2) Tendons connect muscle to bone …

‘A twist, pull/and or tear to a muscle or tendon’ Strains … ‘A twist, pull/and or tear to a muscle or tendon’ How is a strain caused? Overuse Force Over S – T – R – E – T – C – H – I – N – G

Muscle Strains – Classification Signs & Symptoms First Degree Strains Second Degree Strains Third Degree Strains Few Muscle Fibres are Torn Moderate Tearing of Muscle Fibres Total Rupture of the Muscle Mild Pain Moderate/Severe Pain Severe Pain Some Muscle Stiffness Swelling & Stiffness Severe Swelling

Hamstring strain … Usain bolt

‘A stretch and/or tear to a ligament …’ Sprains … ‘A stretch and/or tear to a ligament …’ Caused by … ? A trauma that knocks a joint out of position… … and consequently over stretches/ruptures the supporting ligaments … Where do sprains occur? Ankles, Knees & wrists

Ligament Sprains … First Degree Sprains; Pain Mild Damage Minimal Some ... Swelling

Ligament Sprains … Second Degree Sprains Third degree Sprains More Ligament damage Complete tearing of the ligament Joint appears loose Joint is very loose & unstable Painful with further swelling Extremely painful & very swollen.