1. A Brief Introduction to Sports Injuries PSE 4U Department of Health and Physical Education Westdale Secondary School

2. A quick review of structures.. n Ligaments? n Tendons? n Cartilage? n Articulations? What are some common injuries to these structures? How do they happen?

3. Let’s get the lingo right… Lecture Task 1: Let’s see what you know about the commonly used words in sport. Brainstorm where you have heard these terms before and what parts of the body they apply to. n Tendinitis? n Strains? n Sprains? n Pulls/tears? n Dislocations?

4. Sprains…think ankle and knee!  A sprain  A sprain is an injury to a ligament, resulting in pain, swelling and some loss of function  For some context, check out page 76. ACL, MCL sprains are common in sports where the foot is planted and the knee rotates, or where a direct blow is possible.  Examples of sports where this can occur?  Ligaments are avascular; which means their nourishment doesn’t come from blood. Impact and force is needed to keep ligaments healthy.

5. Tendinitis and Dislocations n Can be caused in two ways: a direct blow or by overuse of the muscle Achilles tendinitis; n A common area for tendinitis is Achilles tendinitis; usually inflamed due to overuse (running, squash players) n Often ‘curable’ and acute, but can become chronic without treatment n When a bone is displaced from a joint; usually from a direct blow n Ever ‘jammed a finger’? This is usually a phalange being displaced from the joint. n What are some symptoms? n Should you put the bone back in? AHHH!

6. Strains…think muscle! Strain Strain is an injury to muscle tendon caused by excessive stretching resulting in pain and swelling n First degree n First degree - a slightly pulled muscle without tearing of tendon fibers and no loss of strength n Second degree n Second degree - tearing of fibers in a tendon and strength is diminished n Third degree n Third degree - rupture of the muscle- tendon-bone attachment with separation of fibers and requires surgery n Tendons are also avascular

7. How do you recognize and treat SI? Acronym time…SHARP AND PIER SHARP n This acronym is a good way to diagnose an injury and decide on its severity n Refer to your ‘What in the World’ for more information! PIER n This acronym is a good reminder on how to immediately treat an injury n Used commonly in order to prevent further damage

8. The P.I.E.R Principle Lecture Task 2: From what you know from PSE 4U and biology, come up with 2-3 reasons why each part of the PIER principle is effective in the short term treatment of injuries: n Pressure n Ice n Elevation n Restricted Movement (Restriction)

9. Injuries that you can examine further: n ACL/MCL/PCL tears n Inversion/Eversion sprains n Shin Splints n Tennis Elbow n Concussions n Plantar Fasciitis n Rotator Cuff Tears n Dislocations n Hip Pointer n ITB syndrome n Charley Horse n Cauliflower Ear