Bellwork Complete the chart for the conjugation patterns (i.e. verb equations) PresentImperfectPerfectPluperfect Indicative Subjunctive

Indirect Command [a.k.a. noun clause of desire] Subordinate clause introduced by verbs of wishing, commanding, begging, or warning  positive clause introduced by ut  negative clause introduced by ne Follows the sequence of tenses Translated with “to” or “that” Examples: Pater latronem orat ne urnam capiat. Father begs the robber not to take the vase. Originally: Father begs the robber, “Don’t take the vase.” Rex servo imperavit ut taceret.The king ordered the slave to be silent. Originally: The king ordered the slave, “Be silent.” These were originally DIRECT commands, but are now being reported INDIRECTLY

Indirect Command Common verbs that introduce indirect commands: volo, velle, volui, XXXX – to wish cupio, cupere, cupivi, cupitus – to desire moneo, monere, monui, monitus – t0 warn hortor, hortari, hortatus sum – to urge peto, petere, petivi, petitus – t0 ask opto, optare, optavi, optatus – to wish, desire oro, orare, oravi, oratus – to beg persuadeo, persuadere, persuasi, persuasus – to persuade (+ dat.) impero, imperare, imperavi, imperatus – to order (+ dat.) decerno, decernere, decrevi, decretus – to decree Remember that veto and iubeo do not use the ut construction, but an accusative direct object and infinitive Rex servum iussit tacere.

Fear Clauses Subordinate clauses  like indirect commands, purpose clauses, and result clauses But watch out! They’re sneaky!  a positive fear clause is introduced by ne  a negative fear clause is introduced by ut  It’s just the opposite of what we would normally expect! Follow the sequence of tenses  most often using a present or imperfect subjunctive in the fear clause Translated with “that”

Fear Clauses There are 4 common Latin verbs that introduce fear clauses: vereor, vereri, veritus sum – to fear metuo, metuere, metui, metutus – to fear timeo, timere, timui, -- to fear, be afraid paveo, pavere, pavi, -- to quake with fear, panic SO LOOK FOR THESE VERBS JUST BEFORE UT! Examples: Veretur ne latro pecuniam capiat. He fears that the robber will take his money. Timui ut negotium perficeres. I was afraid that you would not finish the job.

Ex. IV Fill in the blanks 1. An indirect command usually features a present tense or tense subjunctive. 2. Indirect commands translate with the English word that or. 3. Impero is followed by the case. 4. Veto is followed by the construction. 5. introduces a negative fear clause. imperfect to dative accusative and infinitive ut

Trans. II 1. Nautae nobis persuaserunt ut ad Graeciam aestate navigaremus. a. The sailors persuaded us that we would be able to sail to Greece in the summer. b. The sailors persuaded us to sail to Greece in the summer. c. We persuaded the sailor to sail to Greece in the summer. d. We persuaded the sailor that he would be able to sail to Greece in the summer.

Trans. II 2. Imperator militi imperat ne captivo noceat. a. The soldier was ordered by the general that the prisoner was not to be harmed. b. The general ordered the soldier not to harm the prisoner. c. The soldier is ordered by the general that the prisoner is not to be harmed. d. The general orders the soldier not to harm the prisoner.

Trans. II 3. Vereor ne vilicus servos verberet. a. I fear that the slaves will not beat the overseer. b. I fear that the slaves will beat the overseer. c. I fear that the overseer will beat the slaves. d. I fear that the overseer will not beat the slaves.

Trans. II 4. Ab coquo petivimus ut cenam pararet. a. We were asked by the cook to prepare dinner. b. We asked the cook to prepare dinner. c. The cook asked to prepare dinner. d. The cook was asked to prepare dinner.

Trans. II 5. Pater materque timuerunt ut filii domum revenirent. a. The father and mother are afraid that their sons will return home. b. The father and mother were afraid that their sons would return home. c. The father and mother were afraid that their sons would not return home. d. The father and mother are afraid that their sons will not return home.

Trans. II 6. Magister oratur ne liberos puniat. a. He begs the teacher not to punish the children. b. The teacher begs that the children not be punished. c. The children beg that teacher not to punish them. d. The teacher is begged not to punish the children.

Homework Trans. I (1-3)