1. Subjunctive Mood Verbs
2013

2. What Is the Subjunctive Mood?
You’ve already learned 2 moods of Latin verbs:
1. the indicative mood, used for statements of fact and asking questions
2. the imperative mood, used for commands

3. Subjunctive Mood
The subjunctive mood gives more of the speaker’s or writer’s opinion or attitude toward the truth of a statement.
It can be used independently, as a main verb.
It’s often used in dependent clauses, too.

4. There is no such thing as the future or future perfect subjunctive.
Subjunctive Tenses
We’ve learned 6 tenses of Latin verbs.
The subjunctive only has 4 tenses!
It also has active/passive voice.
Tenses:
Present
Imperfect
Perfect
Pluperfect
There is no such thing as the future or future perfect subjunctive.

5. Present Tense Subjunctive
The present tense subjunctive uses the same personal endings as regular verbs (swap out “m” for “o” in 1st person singular):
ACTIVE VOICE: PASSIVE VOICE:
M -MUS -R -MUR
S -TIS -RIS -MINI
T -NT -TUR -NTUR

6. Present Tense Subjunctive
Since present tense subjunctive uses the same personal endings, something else has to change to make it different from regular present tense.
It’s all in the VOWELS!

7. Pick Your Mnemonic Device:
We Beat A Liar
She Wears A Tiara
The Beans At Brian’s
Let’s Eat Caviar!
She Reads A Diary
-E-
-EA-
-A-
-IA-

8. 1st Conjugation: “A” changes to “E” amo, amare
amo amamus amem amemus
amas amatis ames ametis
amat amant amet ament
SUBJUNCTIVE!

9. 2nd Conjugation: “E” changes to “EA” moneo, monere
moneo monemus moneam moneamus
mones monetis moneas moneatis
monet monent moneat moneant
SUBJUNCTIVE!

10. 3rd Conjugation: “E” changes to “A” rego, regere
rego regimus regam regamus
regis regitis regas regatis
regit regunt regat regant
SUBJUNCTIVE!

11. 4th Conjugation: “I” changes to “IA” munio, munire
munio munimus muniam muniamus
munis munitis munias muniatis
munit muniunt muniat muniant
SUBJUNCTIVE!

12. So…what does it do?
A common independent use of the present subjunctive is for something called the volitive subjunctive. (remember “volo” for “wish/want”?)
It expresses the speakers wish, or desire, that something be done.

13. Volitive Subjunctive
Let them prepare dinner. OR They should prepare dinner Cenam parent. (paro, parare: prepare)
Let’s/let us explore the forest Silvam exploremus. (exploro, explorare)
Ne silvam exploremus.
Let’s not explore the forest.

14. Volitive Subjunctive
The volitive subjunctive is translated by “let” or sometimes “should.”
The negative is “ne” (not “non”).
It works as a main verb.
Other names for volitive: hortatory (for 1st person plural “let’s…”), jussive (from “iubeo: to order”)

15. Practice!
Write the present tense subjunctive charts for the following verbs:
porto, portare
doceo, docere
pono, ponere
audio, audire