1. Finite Moods of a Verb 1. Indicative – The verb states a fact or asks a direct question. 2. Imperative – The verbs states a command. 3. Subjunctive – The verb states a possibility. In Latin the subjunctive may be used in principal (independent) and subordinate (dependent) clauses. It can express the ideas of command, purpose, result, indirect question, and the like, and the English translation must contain these ideas.

2. Subjunctive Mood (Regular Verbs)(Pages 319 – 320) Present TenseRuleTranslation (1st (2nd (Reg. (4th conj. conj.) conj.) 3rd conj.) & 3rd. io verbs) Pres. Rt. Pres. St. Pres. Rt. Pres. St. (may) vocmoneregcapi audi + e + PE + a + PE + a + PE + a + PE (call)(warn)(rule)(take)(hear) vocemmoneamregamcapiam audiamI may ________ vocesmoneasregascapias audiasyou may ________ vocetmoneatregatcapiat audiathe may ________ vocemusmoneamusregamuscapiamus audiamuswe may ________ vocetismoneatisregatiscapiatis audiatisyou may ________ vocentmoneantregantcapiant audiantthey may ________

3. Subjunctive Mood (Irregular Verbs)(Pages 319 – 320) Present Tense(Must be memorized)Translation SumPossumvoloeofero fio(may) (be)(be able)(wish)(go)(bring)(become) simpossimvelimeamferamfiamI may ________ sispossisveliseasferasfias you may ________ sitpossitveliteatferatfiat he may ________ simuspossimusvelimuseamusferamusfiamus we may ________ sitispossitisvelitiseatisferatisfiatisyou may ________ sintpossintvelinteantferantfiant they may ________

4. Clauses Expressing Purpose (Page 321) 1. In English when we say: He comes to school to study, the infinitive expresses the purpose of his coming. Instead of an infinitive in a simple sentence, we may use a clause in a complex sentence: He comes to school in order that he may study. 2. In Latin prose we do not use an infinitive to express purpose. We must use a subordinate clause introduced by ut if the clause is positive; by ne, if negative. After verbs meaning choose, send, or leave, purpose may be expressed by a relative clause. The antecedent of the relative pronoun (qui quae quod)is usually the object of the main verb. Pugnant ut vincant. They fight to conquer (in order that they may conquer). Pugnant ne vincantur. They fight in order not to be conquered (in order that they may not be conquered; lest they may be conquered). Nuntios qui haec dicant mittimus. We are sending messengers to say these things (who may (shall) say these things).