The Industrial Revolution From Agriculture to Urbanization

What is the Industrial Revolution? The movement from human and animal power to steam power. The movement from human and animal power to steam power. Production shifts from hand tools to complex machines. Production shifts from hand tools to complex machines.

Agricultural Revolution Agricultural Revolution 1600’s 1600’s Dutch used fertilizer from livestock to renew soil Dutch used fertilizer from livestock to renew soil Dikes reclaimed land from the sea Dikes reclaimed land from the sea Smaller fields were combined to form larger fields. Smaller fields were combined to form larger fields. 1700’s 1700’s British mixed soils to increase crop yields. British mixed soils to increase crop yields. Turnip Townshend-used turnips to restore soil Turnip Townshend-used turnips to restore soil Jethro Tull-invented seed drill Jethro Tull-invented seed drill Robert Blakewell-bred stronger animals Robert Blakewell-bred stronger animals Enclosure Enclosure

Why England? Why England Political Conditions Natural Resources New Technology Social Conditions Capital or Wealth from Overseas Empires

The First Factories! The First Factories! From Putting Out System From Putting Out System To Cottage Industry To Cottage Industry To Cottage Industry To Cottage Industry Finally worker and machine come together under on roof! Finally worker and machine come together under on roof! What inventions improved production? What inventions improved production? What inventions improved production? What inventions improved production?

The Luddites

The Cotton Gin- Eli Whitney

Slavery England England Increased demand for cotton due to birth of textile industry. Increased demand for cotton due to birth of textile industry. Slave trade outlawed in 1807 Slave trade outlawed in 1807 Slavery outlawed in the British Empire in 1833 Slavery outlawed in the British Empire in 1833 United States United States Cotton Gin increased demand for slave labor on plantations. Cotton Gin increased demand for slave labor on plantations. Slave trade outlawed in 1808 Slave trade outlawed in 1808 Slavery outlawed in America in 1865, vote extended to all races with the 15 th amendment in 1870 Slavery outlawed in America in 1865, vote extended to all races with the 15 th amendment in 1870

Steam Power! Steam Power! Coal replaces wood! Coal replaces wood! James Watt James Watt First Factories First Factories

The Age of Iron & Coal Darby Family of Coalbrookdale lead industry. Darby Family of Coalbrookdale lead industry. Used coal instead of wood for smelting iron. Used coal instead of wood for smelting iron. Why is this significant? Why is this significant?

The Push to Mine Coal…..

Coal Mining Coal Mining Both Women and Children worked in mines. Both Women and Children worked in mines. What are some of the effects of mining? What are some of the effects of mining?

The Victorian Era Queen Victoria (r ) and Prince Albert set the tone for Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution and Age of Imperialism. Queen Victoria (r ) and Prince Albert set the tone for Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution and Age of Imperialism.

The Birth of the Steel Industry Henry Bessemer- The Bessemer Process for making steel

Railroads arrive! Encouraged Land Trade Encouraged Land Trade Connected cities Connected cities Created Jobs for Urban Workers Created Jobs for Urban Workers

The Birth of Transportation! The Birth of Transportation!

Who did and did not industrialize? And Why? England England United States United States Germany Germany Russia Russia France France Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire Austrian-Hungarian Empire Austrian-Hungarian Empire

How did Industrialization spread? Strict laws limited access to inventions and technology. Strict laws limited access to inventions and technology. However….. However….. Ideas were stolen Ideas were stolen Government passed laws to speed up industrialization Government passed laws to speed up industrialization Banks formed partnerships with industries Banks formed partnerships with industries Europeans were able to match British inventions Europeans were able to match British inventions

New social classes emerge… The Factory Worker The Factory Worker The Factory Worker The Factory Worker

The Factory Owner-Middle Class

How many social classes can you identify?

Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations..an individual.. neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it.. he intends only his own gain, and he is in this...led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention...an individual.. neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it.. he intends only his own gain, and he is in this...led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Little or no government regulation Free market Supported by factory owners, entrepreneurs and middle class Created competition Increased standard of living for Middle Class.

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels Wrote the Communist Manifesto and Das Capital Response to the Social injustices of capitalism Importance of redistribution of wealth to the communists

Social Reformers Robert Owen Robert Owen A village boy who hobnobbed with royalty, A shop assistant who became a factory manager, An educator with little education, A rich man who fought for the poor, A capitalist who became the first "socialist", An individualist who inspired the Co- operative movement.

Labor Reform Working hours were limited Working hours were limited No women or children in mines No women or children in mines Mandatory Education for children Mandatory Education for children No grave yard shift for children No grave yard shift for children

Labor Unions Encouraged worker- organized strikes to increase wages and improve working conditions. Encouraged worker- organized strikes to increase wages and improve working conditions. Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers. Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers. Wanted worker rights and collective bargaining between labor and management. Wanted worker rights and collective bargaining between labor and management.

Advances in Science and Medicine Edward Jenner- Smallpox Vaccination Edward Jenner- Smallpox Vaccination Louis Pasteur- Discovered Bacteria Louis Pasteur- Discovered Bacteria

Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on Industrialized Societies Population increase Population increase Increased standards of living for some Increased standards of living for some Improved transportation Improved transportation Urbanization Urbanization Environmental pollution Environmental pollution Increased education Increased education Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions Growth of Middle Class Growth of Middle Class

Women’s Suffrage….. "Failure is impossible"- Susan B. Anthony "Failure is impossible"- Susan B. Anthony Supported suffrage and labor reform. Supported suffrage and labor reform. When are women granted suffrage? When are women granted suffrage?