1. Chapters 19 & 21 The Industrial Revolution

2. Industrial Revolution Why Britain?
Great Brittan's Advantages
Labor Supply
Natural Resources
Investment Capital
Entrepreneurs
Transportation
Markets
Government Support

3. New Inventions Mechanical Drill and Horse-Drawn Hoe: Jethro Tull
New Iron Making Process, “Bessemer Process”: Henry Bessemer
Steam Engine: James Watt
Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney

4. Social Impact of Industrialization
Urbanization – growth of cities
Problems with urbanization:
New Social Classes Emerge
Industrial Middle Class
Industrial Working Class
Factory life = Harsh conditions
Long Hours
No Safety Standards
No representation/protection: labor unions outlawed
Women and children in factories

5. New Economic Theories Emerge
Economics of Industrialization
Laissez-faire (Adam Smith):
Hands-off approach by government
Socialism:
People control means of production
Attempt at a Utopian Society – Robert Owen
Communism (Karl Marx):
Extension of Socialism, Classless Society
Communist Manifesto
Problems with Communism

6. Other Nations Industrialize
Britain was the first to Industrialize
Belgium follows
U.S., France and Germany next
Some nations don’t industrialize
Russia, Saudi Arabia
Competition spurs between nations
Nations compete for markets
Asian Markets (China)
Open Door Policy

7. New Technologies Arise
Transportation
Alfred Nobel
Thomas Edison
Samuel Morse
Alexander Graham Bell
Guglielmo Marconi

8. Rise of the Cities Population Explosion Changes to Cities
Advances in Medicine contributes
Pasteurization – Louis Pasteur
Cure for Tuberculosis – Robert Koch
Changes to Cities
Paved Streets, street lights, organized police, sewage systems, running water, skyscrapers
Labor Unions Grow
Workers’ Rights Increase, Strikes
Standard of Living Improves

9. Changing Attitudes and Values
Women push for Suffrage
New Zealand and Australia grant suffrage early
Most European nations don’t grant until after WWI (U.S. – 1919)
Education
Public education grows
Colleges and universities expand
New Scientific Theory - Evolution
Charles Darwin – Origin of Species
Natural Selection – Survival of the Fittest
Social Darwinism promotes racism

10. The Arts Movements in Literature Movements is Visual Art Romanticism
William Wordsworth, William Blake, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Charlotte Bronte, Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas
Realism
Charles Dickens
Movements is Visual Art
Impressionism
Claude Monet
Post-Impressionism
Vincent van Gogh