Industrialization & Nationalism Chapter 23
Industrial Revolution Section 1
Industrial Revolution in Great Britain 1780s 5 Factors Agricultural practices Population growth Supply of money Natural resources Market supply
Cotton industry Flying shuttle James Hargreaves- spinning jenny Edmund Cartwright- water powered loom James Watt- steam engine Coal production Henry Cort- puddling
Railroads The Rocket Factories & labor system
Spread of Industrialization Europe North America Robert Fulton- Clermont Railroad
Reaction & Revolution Section 2
Congress of Vienna Klemens von Metternich Principle of legitimacy Balance of power
Conservative Order Conservatism Concert of Europe Principle of intervention
Forces of Change Liberalism Nationalism France- Charles X; Louis-Philippe Belgium, Poland, & Italy
Revolutions of 1848 French Revolution Louis-Philippe overthrown Constituent Assembly- universal male suffrage Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (Louis-Napoleon) elected leader of France
Trouble in Germany German Confederation Revolutions in Central Europe Austrian Empire (multinational state) Revolts in Italy 9 Italian states Conservative rule reestablished because liberals too divided over goals
National Unification & National States Section 3
End of the Concert of Europe Crimean War Russia wanted land in the Balkans (controlled by the Ottoman Empire which was in decline) Give Russia access to Mediterranean Sea Russia invades Moldavia; Ottoman declare war on Russia; France & Great Britain declare war on Russia Russia seeks peace in the Treaty of Paris
Russia & Austria had been 2 main powers, now they were enemies Austria didn’t help Russia in the war because they also wanted the Balkans Russia lost & became isolated for 20 years or so Austria had no allies that were powerful Ended the Concert of Europe
Italian Unification King Victor Emmanuel II- king of Piedmont Camillo di Cavour- prime minister Giuseppe Garibaldi- Red Shirts September 21, Rome became capital of united Italy
German Unification Militarism King William I Otto von Bismarck Realpolitik Franco-Prussian War Kaiser
Reform in Europe Queen Victoria- Great Britain British North America Act (Canada) France Louis-Napoleon Plebiscite Second Empire
Austria Compromise of 1867 Russia Czar Alexander II Emancipation Alexander III
Culture: Romanticism & Realism Section 4
Romanticism Emphasized feelings, emotion & imagination Mary Shelley- Frankenstein Edgar Allen Poe- short stories Artists: art was reflection of inner feelings abandoned classical reason for warmth & emotion Eugene Delacroix- French Ludwig van Beethoven- composer
New Scientific Ideas Edward Jenner- small pox vaccine Louis Pasteur- germ theory Dmitry Medeleyev- periodic table Michael Faraday- electric current Secularization- indifference to religious consideration Charles Darwin- organic evolution; Origin of Species Natural selection- survival of the fittest
Realism Realism- viewing the world as it really is Gustave Flaubert- Madame Bovary Charles Dickens- Oliver Twist; David Copperfield, Tale of Two Cities Gustave Courbet- most famous realist artist