1. Splash Screen

2. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: The Industrial Revolution
Section 2: Reaction and Revolution
Section 3: National Unification and Nationalism
Section 4: Romanticism and Realism
Visual Summary
Chapter Menu

3. Romanticism and Realism
What topics might a modern writer focus on in his or her work?
Chapter Intro 4

4. The BIG Idea
New Technologies Artistic movements are influenced by the society around them. Romanticism was in part a reaction to the Industrial Revolution, while advances in science contributed to a new movement called realism.
Section 4-Main Idea

5. Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary romanticism secularization
organic evolution
natural selection
realism
Academic Vocabulary
individuality
approach
Section 4-Key Terms

6. Romanticism
In the arts, romanticism stressed individualism and emotion instead of the Enlightenment’s focus on universalism and reason.
Section 4

7. Romanticism (cont.)
At the end of the eighteenth century, a new intellectual movement known as romanticism emerged.
Romanticism emphasized feeling and emotion and valued individualism.
Romantic artists valued individualism and painted as a reflection of the artist’s inner feelings and infused warmth and emotion into paintings.
Section 4

8. Romanticism (cont.)
Ludwig van Beethoven wrote music with powerful melodies that created dramatic intensity.
Literature reflected a romantic interest in the past. Writers chose medieval subjects that evoked strong feelings of nationalism.
Section 4

9. Romanticism (cont.)
Mary Shelley and Edgar Allan Poe wrote chilling, Gothic literature; Frankenstein, The Raven
Poetry was the ideal form of expression to romantics, and love of nature was a popular topic.
Scientific Advancements Leading Up to the Publication of Frankenstein
Section 4

10. New Age of Science
Rapid advances in science and technology fueled industrial growth, made medical care more effective, and challenged religious faith.
Section 4

11. New Age of Science (cont.)
New discoveries in science led to a growing faith in science, which, in turn, undermined the religious faith of many people.
Scientists such as Louis Pasteur and Dmitry Mendeleyev made advancements in medicine and chemistry.
Louis Pasteur – germ theory of disease; crucial to the development of modern scientific medical practices.
For many people in the nineteenth century, the truth gleaned from science led to an increasing secularization of society (non religious discoveries)
Section 4

12. New Age of Science (cont.)
In 1859, Charles Darwin wrote his book On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection, based on the idea that all species evolved according to a principle known as organic evolution.
Darwin explained that some species are more adaptable to their environment than others, and, through a process called natural selection, the most fit species would survive.
Section 4

13. New Age of Science (cont.)
Darwin’s inclusion of humans in his theory was very controversial, although most scientists and intellectuals gradually came to accept his theory.
Section 4

14. Realism
The rise of science encouraged writers and artists to create realistic works that portrayed even the poor and degraded in society.
Section 4

15. Realism (cont.)
In literary and visual arts, realism became a movement driven by the ability to represent the world realistically.
Literary realists of the period rejected the ideals of romanticism and wrote about ordinary characters.
Used precise language and stayed away from emotional language
Wrote about social views through their characters.
Section 4

16. Realism (cont.)
Charles Dickens showed the realities of life in London for the poor and unprivileged in his novels Oliver Twist and David Copperfield. This characters were so sympathetic that they helped inspire social reform for the lower and middle classes in Britain.
After 1850, realism in art became the dominant style. The French artist Gustave Courbet painted scenes from everyday life that included peasants and factory workers.
Section 4

17. Section 4-End

18. romanticism
an intellectual movement that emerged at the end of the eighteenth century in reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment; it stressed feelings, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing
Vocab25

19. secularization
indifference to or rejection of religion or religious consideration
Vocab26

20. organic evolution
the principle set forth by Charles Darwin that every plant or animal has evolved, or changed, over a long period of time from earlier, simpler forms of life to more complex forms
Vocab27

21. natural selection
the principle set forth by Charles Darwin that some organisms are more adaptable to the environment than others; in popular terms, “survival of the fittest”
Vocab28

22. realism
mid-nineteenth-century movement that rejected romanticism and sought to portray lower- and middle-class life as it actually was
Vocab29