Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources (although, under circumstances unpublished sources can be exempt). Literally translated, the word literature means "acquaintance with letters" (as in the "arts and letters").

theme A theme is a broad idea, message, or moral of a story. The message may be about life, society, or human nature. Themes often explore timeless and universal ideas and are almost always implied rather than stated explicitly.

Characterization is the art of creating characters for a narrative, including the process of conveying information about them. It may be employed in dramatic works of art or everyday conversation. Characters may be presented by means of description, through their actions, speech, or thoughts. charactersnarrative informationdramaticworks of artconversationcharactersnarrative informationdramaticworks of artconversation

Major requisites of a good literary character  Plausibility  Sympathy  Proper Motivation  Consistency  Vitality

Major or central characters are vital to the development and resolution of the conflict. In other words, the plot and resolution of conflict revolves around these characters. Minor characters serve to complement the major characters and help move the plot events forward. A dynamic character is a person who changes over time, usually as a result of resolving a central conflict or facing a major crisis.

A static character is someone who does not change over time; his or her personality does not transform or evolve. A rounded character is anyone who has a complex personality; he or she is often portrayed as a conflicted and contradictory person. A flat character is the opposite of a round character. This literary personality is notable for one kind of personality trait or characteristic.

A.Direct Characterization -presents an enumeration of traits or characteristics. B.Indirect Characterization Indirect CharacterizationIndirect Characterization -shows characters acting out their personalities, allowing the readers to draw out their own conclusion.

BBy action BBy word BBy thought BBy physical appearance BBy what others say

An antagonist is a character, group of characters, or an institution, that represents the opposition against which the protagonist must contend. The antagonist may also represent a major threat or obstacle to the main character by their very existence, without necessarily deliberately targeting him or her.

Setting includes the time, location, and everything in which a story takes place, and initiates the main backdrop and mood for a story. Elements of setting may include culture, historical period, geography, and hour. It gives immediacy to the story It provides atmosphere to the story It can enter directly into the meaning of the story

Conflict is a concept in literary studies that seeks to analyze plots by finding their driving sources of conflict. Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch, literary critic and author, was first to classify plots as seven basic conflicts Man against Man, Man against Nature, Man against Himself, Man against God, Man against Society, Man caught in the Middle, Man & Woman.

MMan v. Self is when the main character in the story has a problem with him or herself.  M Man vs. Man conflict can be described as a conflict arising between two or more characters of the same kind. MMan vs. Society is a literature theme in fiction in which a main character or character's thinks differently from society or has different concepts than what most people think. MMan v. Nature is the theme in literature that places a character against forces of nature. Many disaster films focus on this theme, which is predominant within many survival stories.

 Man v. Supernatural is a type of literary conflict in which the character is pitted against elements outside of the natural realm.  Man v. Machine/Technology places a character against man-made entities which may possess intelligence.  Man v. Destiny (or Fate) is a theme in which one attempts to break free of a predetermined path before him chosen without his knowledge. It can also be referred to as a conflict between fate and freewill.

A plot is a causal sequence of events, the "why" for the things that happen in the story. The plot draws the reader into the character's lives and helps the reader understand the choices that the characters make. Plot is a literary term defined as the events that make up a story, particularly as they relate to one another in a pattern, in a sequence, through cause and effect, or by coincidence

Exposition Foreshadowing Inciting Force Conflict Rising Action Crisis Climax Falling Action Resolution (Denouement)

First Person The narrator is a character in the story who can reveal only personal thoughts and feelings and what he or she sees and is told by other characters. Third-Person Objective The narrator is an outsider who can report only what he or she sees and hears. This narrator can tell us what is happening, but he can’t tell us the thoughts of the characters. Third-Person Limited The narrator is an outsider who sees into the mind of one of the characters. Omniscient The narrator is an all-knowing outsider who can enter the minds of more than one of the characters.

Tone The author’s attitude, stated or implied, toward a subject. Some possible attitudes are pessimism, optimism, earnestness, seriousness, bitterness, humorous, and joyful. An author’s tone can be revealed through choice of words and details. Mood The climate of feeling in a literary work. The choice of setting, objects, details, images, and words all contribute towards creating a specific mood.