WIKI PART 2
Presenting words in audio coupled with graphics, rather than on- screen text, results in significant learning gains
People have separate information processing channels for visual/pictorial processing and auditory/verbal processing Graphics and text process in the same channel and must compete for some limited visual attention Presenting verbal explanations limits the load on the visual channel
When presented with text that is explaining attached graphics creates an overload on the visual/pictorial channel The channel has to process both the text and the graphics An overload on the visual channel can be avoided by replacing the text with an audio narration E-Learning courses should avoid overloading when possible
According to studies taken by Clark & Mayer (2008) when words were spoken explaining graphics rather than printed explanations only, students performed at a much higher rate Audio narrations give the learner the opportunity to view the graphic and listen to the explanation simultaneously using two different channels in the brain This prevents an overloading of both channels
People learn more deeply from multimedia lessons when words explaining concurrent graphics are presented as speech rather than as on-screen text For example this colony development graphic should be presented as speech instead of text only The Modality Effect
The material being presented is complex and moving at a fast rate Only when using text and graphics together
References Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2008). E-Learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumer and designer of multimedia learning. (2nd ed.) San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.