1. Two Principles: Multimedia and Contiguity Cynthia Bowers Multimedia 513 Week 4

2. OBJECTIVE After viewing this presentation, the student will be able to differentiate between the Multimedia Principle and the Contiguity Principle.

3. The SHORT Version Multimedia PrincipleContiguity Principle Multimedia = words and graphics Combining words + graphics = active learning Pictorial representation + verbal representation = effective cognitive processing Learners with little knowledge of subject benefit from words and graphics Contiguity = integration of text and graphics Graphics should be place near corresponding text Audio should correspond with graphic Separating words from graphics makes the brain work too hard Words with graphics should be on same page

4. Multimedia Principle Graphics are for education, not decoration From e-Learning and the Science of Instruction by Clark and Mayer, pp. 66 “There is consistent evidence that people learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone, at least for some simple instructional situations.” “There is consistent evidence that people learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone, at least for some simple instructional situations. “

5. Contiguity Principle Integration is vital From e-Learning and the Science of Instruction by Clark and Mayer, pp. 90 From e-Learning and the Science of Instruction by Clark and Mayer, pp. 66 “When the learner has to do the added work of coordinating corresponding words and visual components that are separated on the screen or in time, the limited capacity of working is memory is taxed-leading to cognitive overload.”

6. Paramedic Audio Example Contiguity Principle

7. Assessment 1.It is acceptable to include a link to a video and a link to an audio on the same page. True or false? 2.Text should be placed __________ graphics. a. below b. next to c. within d. both b & c 3.________ graphics show changes over time, such as how to use an espresso machine. 4.________ graphics are best used to explain how a system works. 5.________ graphics represent concrete facts and concepts. 6.Briefly describe the Multimedia Principle: _________________________________________________ 7.Briefly describe the Contiguity Principle: _________________________________________________ the end