P.Sci. Unit 11 Cont. Solutions, Acids, and Bases Chapter 8.

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Presentation transcript:

P.Sci. Unit 11 Cont. Solutions, Acids, and Bases Chapter 8

Acids and Bases

Acids Contain at least one hydrogen atom that can be removed when the acid is dissolved in water. These form hydronium ions, H 3 O +.

Properties of Acids H+ ions interact with water molecules to form H 3 O + ions. Taste sour. Have a pH less than 7. Are electrolytes because in solution they contain ions.

Properties cont. Are corrosive and can cause severe burns. Reacts with indicators to produce a change in color (litmus turns red). Neutralize bases to form a salt and water.

Bases Forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in a water solution.

Properties of Bases Many are crystalline solids. Feel slippery. Have a bitter taste. Have a pH of greater than 7. Are electrolytes because in solution they contain ions.

Properties cont. Are corrosive and can cause severe burns. Reacts with indicators to produce a change in color (litmus turns blue). Neutralize acids to form a salt and water.

Strength of Acids and Bases The strength of an acid or base depends on how completely a compound separates into ions when dissolved in water. Ions can carry an electric charge so a strong acid will carry more electricity than weak acid.

Strength of Acids Acids that ionize almost completely in a solution is a strong acid. Ex: HCl, HNO 3, and H 2 SO 4

Strength of Bases Bases that dissociate completely in a solution is a strong base Ex: NaOH

Strength vs. Concentration Strong and weak – tells how easy the acid or base dissociates in solution. Concentration – The amount of acid or base in a solution – It is possible to have a dilute concentration of a strong acid that would be less harmful than a concentrated weak acid.

pH pH means potential of hydrogen It is a measure of the concentration of H+ ions. The greater the concentration of H+ the lower the pH. The lower the pH – the stronger the acid. The pH range goes from 0 – 14

To determine the pH of a solution an indicator is used (an organic compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or base.) Strong Acid Neutral Strong Base pH scale

Salt Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that takes place in a water solution. Salts are formed when the negative ion from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base. Acid + base → salt + water Salt (NaCl) is essential for most animals