1. Acids And Bases 8.2

2. Acids
Acids – a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution. H+
When the acid dissolves in water H+ ions interact with the water to form H30+ which are called hydronium ions.

4. Properties of Acids Acids Tastes Sour Acids are Corrosive
Can react strongly with some metals

5. Common Acids Acetic Acid – vinegar Acetlysalicylic acid – aspirin
Carbonic acid – carbonated drinks
Hydrochloric acid – stomach acid
Sulfuric acid – car batteries

6. Bases
Bases are identified by the production of a hydroxide ion in a water solution.
OH-

7. Properties of Bases They complement or are the opposites of acids.
Bases are crystalline solids when not dissolved
Base solutions feel slippery and have a bitter taste
Can be corrosive and cause severe burns

8. Common Bases Aluminum Hydroxide - Antacid
Magnesium Hydroxide – laxative
Sodium Hydroxide – Soap
Ammonia – Cleaners and Fertilizers

9. pH pH – the measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
The greater the H+ concentration is the lower the pH and indicates a acidic solution
The lower the H+ concentration is the higher the pH and indicates a basic solution
7 is considered neutral. The scale goes from 1 to 14.

13. Identifying Acids and Bases
Indicators – an organic compound that changes color in acid and base.

14. Identifying Acids and Bases
Litmus Paper –
Blue litmus paper turns red under acidic conditions (pH below 4.5)
Red litmus paper turns blue under alkaline conditions (pH above 8.3)
pH Paper – turns a different color depending on pH

15. Identifying Acids and Bases
Natural pH indicators
Red Cabbage
Red Beets
Some Berries
Some Flowers

16. Hydrangea

17. Neutralization
Neutralization – a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that takes place in a water solution.
Typically creates a more mild pH
HCl + NaHCO3  NaCl + CO2 + H2O
Can you think of where this reaction would be helpful?

18. Neutralization
Heartburn - Antacid

19. Salts
Salt – a compound formed when negatrive ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base acid + base  salt + water HCl + Ca(OH)2  CaCl2 + H2O What is the acid? ___________________ What is the base?___________________ What is the salt?____________________