1. Pre-Class Monday
What does the word “equinox” mean? If you were not here on Friday, ask someone who was.

2. Pre-Class Thursday
You add a _____ to a ____ to make a solution. The maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a solvent is called _____, so the solution is _____.

3. Acids, Bases, and Salts
Chapter 8

4. Acids A substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution
When an acid is combined with water, hydrogen ions (H+) and hydronium ions (H3O+) are produced
Have a sour taste
Corrosive
p258 Table 1 common acids and their uses

5. Bases A substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in a water solution
A substance that accepts H+ ions from acids
Most bases are solids
Feel slippery
Bitter taste
Corrosive
p259 Table 2 common bases and their uses

6. How strong is the acid or base?
If an acid (base) ionizes almost completely in water, then it is a strong acid (strong base).
If an acid (base) only partially ionizes in water, then it is a weak acid (weak base).
Measured using pH scale

7. pH Scale measures the amount of H+ ions produced
ranges from 0 to 14 where
< 7  acid
= 7  neutral
> 7  base
A buffer can be used to hinder the change in pH of a chemical reaction.

8. This is the process when an acid and base cancel out.
Neutralization
This is the process when an acid and base cancel out.

9. What is the pH value for pure water?
Pre-Class Friday
What is the pH value for pure water?

10. Indicator
An organic compound that changes color in acid and base solutions
For example, litmus paper will turn red in an acid and blue in a base

11. Salt
A compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions of a base
Typically has a group 17 element (Halogens: “salt forming”)
Common salts on p267 Table 3
Acid + base  salt + water

12. Titration
Used to determine the concentration of an acid or base in a solution
Compare the unknown solution with a standard (or known) solution
An indicator helps by changing the color of the solutions as they mix
The endpoint describes the point when the color no longer changes

13. Pre-Class Tuesday
The process where an unknown pH is found from a known pH?
Neutralization
Titration
Precipitation
Isolation