1. The COLD WAR Part I, 1945-1964

2. Causes of the Cold War: 1.Sovietization, 1944-48 A.Stalin’s security concerns B.Ideological goals 2. Truman doctrine, 1947-> A.Containment B.Marshall plan (European Recovery Program): Total: $13.3 billion

3. Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948-49

4. Berlin Blockade and Airlift (cont.) Western Allies (USA, GB, France) united their occupation zones June 1948: New German mark introduced Stalin ordered blockade of roads and rails US and GB created airlift: To May 1949: 278,228 flights 2,326,406 tons of food, coal, other necessities

5. Berlin Airlift

6. 1949: Communism spreading Soviets removed opposition in eastern Europe –1948: Czechoslovakia Soviets exploded first atomic bomb Chinese revolution NATO founded, 1949 to present

7. Korean War, 1950-53 Two rival governments: North: Soviet-supported Kim Il Sung’s communist government South: US-supported anti-communist, autocrat Syngman Rhee United Nations resolved to allow a US-led “police action” 40,000 UN forces killed (mostly American) 1.2 million Koreans killed 1 million Chinese killed

9. THE SOVIET BLOC

10. The Soviet Bloc not monolithic Josip Broz a.k.a. TITO (r. 1945- 1980) Yugoslavia Non-alignment

11. 1953: Stalin died

12. Nikita Khrushchev (r. 1953-64) 1956: 20th CPSU Congress  Secret Speech “The Thaw” or De- Stalinization, 1956-64 Warsaw Pact formed, 1955 Sino-Soviet split (1960) Cuban Missile Crisis, 14-28 October 1962

13. De-Colonization from Europe, 1945-1970s French Algeria War of Independence, 1954-1962 National Liberation Front (FLN) Franz Fanon “Third World” – Alfred Sauvy Repeated attempts at alternative international organizations

14. New International Organizations