1. Religion Sparks Reform Chapter 8 Section 1

2. I the Second Great Awakening Preachers reject the 18 th cent. Belief that god predetermined your salvation – Believed individuals had responsibility to seek salvation by improving themselves & society Churches began to split because of these ideas

3. A. Revivalism Revivals= religious gatherings designated to awaken religious faith through preaching Burned-over district= western NY in whicch religious “fires” burned – Finney known as “father as modern revivalism”

4. II Transcendentalism 2 nd Great Awakening  new artistic expression Romanticism= style of art, lit., and thought that stressed ppl should develop unique & emotional forms of expressions – Begins in GB and  Trancendentalism Trancendentalism= philosophical & lit. movement that emphasized living a simple life and finding truth through natures laws – Rstressed personal emotional expression ratherthan any org. laws/belief systems

5. Ralph Waldo Emerson writes self-reliance Trancdendentalist belief in indiv.  fighting for humanitarian reforms Henry Davit thoreau put idea of self- reliance into practice by living alone near pond in Mass – Wrote Walden

6. III School & Prison Reform A. Improving Education No nat’l education policy  various school cond. Aroudn country – School not mandatory/all ages put together PA makes tax suppoted public school – Other states follow Horace Mann= school reformer who pushed for compulsory attendence & teacher training programs – Believed survival of Amer rep. depends on educated ppl

7. B. Reforming Asylums & Prisons Dorthea Dix=social reformer who focused on prison & mental health reform – Jails held mentally ill & treated poorly Investigation  state built public hospitals for mentally ill & improved jails

8. IV Americans Form Utopian Communities Optomism of rel. movement & Social Rreform  Utopian Comm. – Utopian Comunities= experimental groups who lived together & tried to create a perfect society Brooke Farm set up by Ripley – Like most, Brooke Farm was not successful Members could not agree on a philosophies & operating methods