1. 8.1 Religion Sparks Reform
Objectives:
To describe the new religious movements that swept through the United States after 1790.
To describe a new philosophy that offered an alternative to traditional religion
To explain the reforms demanded in education, mental hospitals and prisons
To characterize the nature of the utopian communities

2. What was the Impact??? African Americans
Rejected: Predetermination of Calvinists and Puritans
Embraced: Democratic and Individualistic Ideals of the Revolution.
Unitarians
Thoughts that conversion was gradual
Relied more on reason and morality
Wealthy
African Americans
Many joined churches, became social, cultural and political centers
Why were African Americans excited by this idea of salvation?

3. Second Great Awakening
Revivals were the site of impassioned preaching, usually in tents or halls, to awaken faith and spark conversion.

5. Transcendentalists (1830’s)
Philosophical and literary movement
Individualism, Self-reliance, Self-Discipline
Ralph Waldo Emerson, essayist 
Henry David Thoreau
Walden
Civil Disobedience 
“Trust Thyself.”
- R.W.E.
“I learned this, at least, by my experiment: that is one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours….If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under them.”
- H.D.T.

6. School and Prison Reform
Jacksonian Democracy expansion of public schooling
Why??

Dorothea Dix – Reforms prisons & asylums Reformed care of mentally ill in South
Alexis De Tocqueville -1831, criticizes U.S. prisons, spurs reforms. Reform, not Punish.
Horace Mann –
“If we do not prepare children to become good citizens,…if we do not enrich their minds with knowledge, then our republic must go down to destruction, as others have gone before it.”

7. Utopian Communities,
Utopian Community – experimental groups that lived together to create a “utopia” or perfect place.
Brook Farm – Founded 1841
Destroyed by fire in 1845.

8. TERMS TERMS OBJECTIVES Charles G. Finney
Second Great Awakening
Revival
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Transcendentalism
Henry David Thoreau
Dorothea Dix
To describe the new religious movements that swept through the United States after 1790.
To describe a new philosophy that offered an alternative to traditional religion
To explain the reforms demanded in education, mental hospitals and prisons
To characterize the nature of the utopian communities