2. A knight ‘taking the cross‘. He kneels before a priest and promises to serve God. He is wearing the sign of the cross on his surcoat over his chain-mail armour.

6. Crac des Chevaliers, the great fortress of the Knights Hospitaller. The Knights Hospitaller were like monks in armour. They were knights who gave their lives to God, and promised to obey their Grand Master. ‘Hospitallers‘ came from all over Europe to the Holy Land.

8. Crusaders attack a Moslem city. The crusaders are using a catapult to try to break down the city walls.

10. Crusaders using a siege-tower to attack Jerusalem in 1099.

12. When the crusaders attacked the city of Nicaea in Asia Minor, they used the heads of captured Turks, instead of stones, in their catapults.

14. Turkish mounted archers practising. The Turks wore less armour than the crusaders, so their armies could move quickly.