1. PAST SIMPLE - I walked to college yesterday. - She didn’t phone me last week. - When did you arrive in this country? To talk about completed actions in the past. We often mention WHEN the action happened, and use time expressions such as yesterday, last week/year, in 1999, two years ago, when?

2. FORMS OF THE PAST SIMPLE POSITIVE I/you/he/she/it/we/theyfinished went NEGATIVE (did not/didn’t + verb) I/you/he/she/it/we/theydid not/didn’t finish did not/didn’t go QUESTIONS (did + subject + verb) Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they finish Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they go

3. PAST CONTINUOUS -It wasn’t raining at the time. -What were you doing at 6 o’clock yesterday? - I was walking down the street when I met an old friend. - While I was cleaning the floors, the children were washing the windows. -for actions and situations that were in progress at a particular time in the past - to describe something in progress when the second action happened - for two actions that were both in progress at the same time

4. FORMS OF THE PAST CONTINUOUS POSITIVE (was/were + -ing) I/he/she/it was walking you/we/they were walking NEGATIVE (was not/wasn’t/were not/weren’t + -ing) I/he/she/it was not/wasn’t walking you/we/they were not/weren’t walking QUESTIONS (was/were … + -ing?) Was I/he/she/it walking Were you/we/they walking

5. PRESENT PERFECT I have already read his letter. I’ve never been to Italy. I’ve lost my keys. (I can’t find them now) Indefinite time in the past - we don’t say WHEN something happened To talk about people’s lives until now When something that happened in the past has a result now

6. FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT POSITIVE (have/has + past participle) I/you/we/theyhave/’ve worked He/she/ithas/’s worked NEGATIVE I/you/we/theyhave not/haven’t worked He/she/ithas not/hasn’t worked QUESTION HaveI/you/we/theyworked Hashe/she/itworked

7. ADVERBS USED WITH PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE Which of these adverbs do we use with present perfect / past simple: never ago just lately last week ever yet in 2003 alreadytodayfor so far yesterdaysince this week

8. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS It has been raining for two hours. How long have you been working there? Where have you been? I’ve been looking for you everywhere. for an activity that started in the past and continues into the present (with how long, for and since) for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped

9. FORM OF THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS It’s been raining for hours. They haven’t been playing long. Has he been studying all day? POSITIVE I/you/we/they have /’ve been working he/she/it has /’s been working NEGATIVE I/you/we/they haven’t been working he/she/it hasn’t been working QUESTION Have I/you/we/they been working Has he/she/it been working

10. PAST PERFECT Things that happened before another action in the past: When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home Karen didn’t want to go to the cinema with us because she’d already seen the film. I/you/he/she/it we/you/they had (I’d/he’d…) gone seen

11. Compare the PAST SIMPLE and the PAST PERFECT Was Tom there when you arrived? Yes, but he left soon afterwards. Was Tom there when you arrived? No, he had already left.