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Present Perfect for & since Present Perfect vs. Simple Past
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The boy was 1m10 tall one year ago. Now he is 1m11 tall.
He has grown one millimeter in one year.
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Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it.
He has lost his key. (=He lost it and he still hasn’t got it)
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FORM (+) S + have/has + past participle (PP)
Ex: Tom has lost his key. (-) S + have/has + not + PP Ex: Tom has not lost his key. (?) Have/Has + S + PP? Ex: Has Tom lost his key?
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LONG FORMS AND SHORT FORMS
Affirmative Negative Long form Short form I, you, we, they I have done I, you, we, them I’ve done He, she, it He has done He’s done Long form Short form I, you, we, them I have not done I haven’t done He, she, it He has not done He hasn’t done.
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USE AND DIAGRAM An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. Ex: He has played football since he was a child.
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An action when the time is not important, it is expressed as an experience.
We have never traveled by train.
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An action was completed in the very recent
past, expressed by 'just' and 'recently'. Ex: She has just broken her leg.
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Action is repeated in an unspecified period between the past and now.
Ex: I have seen that movie three times.
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SIGNAL WORDS so far up to now recently since just for (not) yet
already ever never so far up to now recently since for
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EXERCISES
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1. Emma _________ this film on TV (not/to see)
Exercise 1: Use the Present Perfect and the verbs in brackets to complete these sentences. 1. Emma _________ this film on TV (not/to see) 2. When ______ she ______ the office ? (to phone) 3. I ___________ a new laptop. (to buy) 4. ______ you ever _______ to New York? (to be) 5. Andy ____________ his sister’s bike. (not/to repair) 6. The students __________ their homework. (not/to forget) 7. What _______ you _______ in the kitchen? (to drop) hasn’t seen has phoned have bought Have been hasn’t repaired haven’t forgot have dropped
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What have they just done?
Look at pictures and complete the sentences using Present Perfect with “just” What have they just done? She ______________asleep. has just been They _______________ out. have just gone
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He ______________ lottery.
has just won They _____________ married. have just got
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for is used with a period of time: for six days, for a long time…
Ex: I have lived here for ten years. since is used with a point in time and means “from that point to the time of speaking”. Ex: She has been here since six o’clock.
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EXERCISES Sarah has lived in London ______ 1985.
Use for or since to complete the sentences below Sarah has lived in London ______ 1985. _______ Christmas, the weather has been quite good. 3. The house is very dirty. We haven’t cleaned it _____ ages. 4. They’ve known each other _______ they were at school. 5. I haven’t had a holiday _____ ten years. since Since for since for
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PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST
- Just, already, not yet Ex: She has just arrived in Tokyo. - Certain time in the past. Ex: She phoned him 2 minutes ago - Whether/How often till now Ex: Have you ever been to Rome? I have been to Rome twice. - Certain event in the past Ex: He went to Rome in 1990. - Emphasis on result Ex: I have bought a new bike. (I actually want to express that I have a new bike now.) - Emphasis on action Ex: I bought a new bike. (just telling what I did in the past.) just, already, up to now, until now, till now, ever, (not) yet, so far, lately, recently… yesterday, ago, in 1990, the other day, last …
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EXERCISES Exercise 1: Use the correct tense to complete these sentences. 1. I __________ (have) these shoes since my 18th birthday. 2. I ________ (tidy) my desk, but now it’s in a mess again. 3. The last time I ______ (go) to Brighton was in August. 4. I’d like to meet a ghost, but I _________________ (never/see) one. 5. I’ve finished my homework. I ______(do) it before tea. have had tidied went have never seen did
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Exercise 2: Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong
Exercise 2: Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct the wrong ones. 1. I’ve lost my key. I can’t find it anywhere. RIGHT 2. Have you seen the news on television last night? WRONG: Did you see the news on television last night? 3. I’ve bought a new car last week. WRONG: I bought a new car last week. 4. I’m very hungry. I haven’t eaten anything today. 5. When has this book been published? WRONG: When was this book published?
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