1. Unit 2 Part 3 The Birth of a New Nation

2. “Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government,…….” “Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government,…….” Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence

3. The French and Indian War (1754-1763) England and France go to war over colonial territories England and France go to war over colonial territories The Navigation Acts – laws that gave England control of colonial trade The Navigation Acts – laws that gave England control of colonial trade

5. The Albany Plan of Union (1754) Plan proposed by Ben Franklin for the colonies to unite for mutual defense Plan proposed by Ben Franklin for the colonies to unite for mutual defense Rejected but is first hint at colonial unity Rejected but is first hint at colonial unity

6. British Victory in French and Indian War Britain (England) wins but is heavily in debt. Britain (England) wins but is heavily in debt. Expect the colonies to help pay cost Expect the colonies to help pay cost

7. Proclamation of 1763 Forbid colonial expansion further West to prevent further conflict with Native Americans Forbid colonial expansion further West to prevent further conflict with Native Americans Enraged farmers who were planning on using land Enraged farmers who were planning on using land

8. Stamp Act (1765) British tax on newspapers and legal documents British tax on newspapers and legal documents First tax on colonies by Parliament First tax on colonies by Parliament “No taxation without representation” – becomes slogan of revolution “No taxation without representation” – becomes slogan of revolution Colonists refuse to buy British products Colonists refuse to buy British products

9. Stamp Act Congress (1765) Meeting of representatives from each colony in New York to protest actions of King Meeting of representatives from each colony in New York to protest actions of King Stamp Act is repealed because of boycotts Stamp Act is repealed because of boycotts

10. Declaratory Act (1767) Parliament ‘declares’ it has the right to make decisions for and tax the colonies “in all cases” Parliament ‘declares’ it has the right to make decisions for and tax the colonies “in all cases”

11. Townshend Acts (1766) Set of laws that further restricted colonial rights Set of laws that further restricted colonial rights Writs of Assistance general warrants to search any property at any time Writs of Assistance general warrants to search any property at any time

13. The Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre (March 5, 1770) The Boston Massacre British soldiers shoot into angry crowd and kill 5 colonists British soldiers shoot into angry crowd and kill 5 colonists Became propaganda for those who wanted revolution Became propaganda for those who wanted revolution

15. The Tea Act (1773) Gave the British East India Company an advantage over colonial merchants selling tea Gave the British East India Company an advantage over colonial merchants selling tea

16. The Boston Tea Party (1773) Colonists dump English tea into Boston Harbor to protest tea act. Colonists dump English tea into Boston Harbor to protest tea act.

17. The Coercive/Intolerable Acts (1774) Took away colonists civil rights, including trial by jury Took away colonists civil rights, including trial by jury

18. The First Continental Congress (1774) 12 Colonies send delegates (representatives) to Philadelphia to address concerns. 12 Colonies send delegates (representatives) to Philadelphia to address concerns. Send request to king demanding rights be restored Send request to king demanding rights be restored

19. The Battles of Lexington and Concord (April 1775) British soldiers and colonists fight first battles of Revolution. British soldiers and colonists fight first battles of Revolution. “The shot heard round the world” – influenced independence movements around the world “The shot heard round the world” – influenced independence movements around the world

20. The 2 nd Continental Congress (1775-1776) Delegates returned to Philadelphia to determine next step Delegates returned to Philadelphia to determine next step Eventually decide to fight for independence Eventually decide to fight for independence

21. The Declaration of Independence July 4, 1776 July 4, 1776 Document declaring the colonies free from British control Document declaring the colonies free from British control

22. Who wrote Common Sense and what was its purpose? Thomas Paine Thomas Paine Purpose was to encourage revolution Purpose was to encourage revolution

23. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson

24. Two Purposes of Declaration Declare independence Declare independence State the reasons why State the reasons why

25. John Locke’s Influence on Declaration of Independence All men equal All men equal All men entitled to rights All men entitled to rights Government power comes from the people Government power comes from the people Right to abolish an oppressive government Right to abolish an oppressive government

26. John Locke’s Social Contract Government is created to secure rights of people and when it fails to do this the people have the right to abolish it. Government is created to secure rights of people and when it fails to do this the people have the right to abolish it.

27. Battles of Lexington and Concord Battles of Lexington and Concord First battles of revolution First battles of revolution

28. Battle of Bunker Hill Battle of Bunker Hill Outnumbered colonists lose but British suffer heavy casualties. Outnumbered colonists lose but British suffer heavy casualties. Evidence that colonists will put up a fight Evidence that colonists will put up a fight

29. Battle of Saratoga Battle of Saratoga Colonial victory encourages the French to officially support the colonies Colonial victory encourages the French to officially support the colonies

30. Battle of Yorktown British surrounded by Colonial army and French navy British surrounded by Colonial army and French navy British surrender British surrender

31. Treaty of Paris Officially recognizes United States as winner and as free Officially recognizes United States as winner and as free

32. What was the Articles of Confederation 1 st Constitution of the United States 1 st Constitution of the United States

33. Where does a confederation place most power? Unitary System Confederate System Unitary System Confederate System White Color = power White Color = power National Gov State Gov

35. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Could not tax Could not tax Could not regulate trade Could not regulate trade Could not enforce laws Could not enforce laws

36. Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation No Executive Branch (no leader) No Executive Branch (no leader) No National Court System No National Court System

37. Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation Laws required approval of 9 states Laws required approval of 9 states Articles could not be amended (changed) without unanimous vote Articles could not be amended (changed) without unanimous vote

38. What were the accomplishments under the Articles of Confederation? Won the Revolutionary War Won the Revolutionary War

39. Accomplishments under Articles Ordinance of 1785 – system of land surveying and settling for the Northwest territory Ordinance of 1785 – system of land surveying and settling for the Northwest territory

40. Accomplishments of Articles Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Northwest Ordinance of 1787  Most significant accomplishment  Set up rules for establishing territorial governments and for admitting new states into union

41. What was Shay’s Rebellion? What was Shay’s Rebellion? Rebellion of 1,200 angry farmers led by Daniel Shay’s that was barely stopped Rebellion of 1,200 angry farmers led by Daniel Shay’s that was barely stopped People believed government could not protect them People believed government could not protect them

42. What did Shay’s Rebellion prove? Government needed to be stronger Government needed to be stronger