1. The French Revolution Part 1 The Revolution Begins

2. 1.DEBT Debt: France has paid too much to help the Americans in their war to separate from Britain Debt: the Royal Family is spending too much money (Particularly Marie Antoinette) Taxes: not taxing the rich – can’t pay back the debt What caused the Revolution?

4. 2. the Royal Family King believes in Absolute Monarchy and Divine rights of kings to the extreme (ex. Royal Awakening) King Louis XIV moved palace to Versailles – too far from the people (don’t see the problem) King Louis XVI is weak, un-kingly, and becomes laughing stock due to no child Marie Antoinette is Austrian (enemy) What caused the Revolution?

8. 3.new ideas vs. old ways Enlightenment thought – questioning monarchy, desire for democracy France stuck in Middle ages - manor with lords and serfs, old technology, while elsewhere world is changing (poor gaining power and wealth) What caused the Revolution?

9. 4. Price of Bread Poor weather = drought = poor crops =famine Price of grain rises, and bread becomes too expensive Results in Bread riots in Paris Huge poverty already – people now starving Louis XVI calls the estates general in 1789 to try to fix the tax system/ end bread crisis and debt Appoints Jacques Necker (people’s favourite) to revise tax system Estates meet for 6 weeks What caused the Revolution? What does King Louis XVI do to try to save France?

10. The estates general is the Parliament It hasn’t been called since 1614 1 st estate = clergy (church) 2cd estate = nobility 3 rd estate = middle class (and lower) Unfair as 3 rd estate represents 90% of population, but can be out voted by 1 st and 2cd Necker was fired because he wanted to tax the rich – nobility don’t want to pay 3 rd estate arrives after 6 weeks and find the doors locked What is the Estates General? Why did this not work to stop a revolution?

11. 3 rd estates go to the tennis Court and swear to keep meeting until a new constitution is written. This is called the Tennis Court Oath Call themselves the National Assembly – the new government of France Reluctantly, the 1 st and 2cd estate join them National assembly is nice idea, but has no power to enforce ideas How is the National Assembly formed?

13. The price of bread is still too high People of Paris form a National Guard King sends in Royal troops to keep peace National Guard goes to the Bastille to get the gun powder Bastille is the prison fortress, history of torture, symbol of royal power What is the Bastille and why is it important?

14. July 14, 1789: mob attacks Bastille – currently only 7 prisoners, eventually pull out the governor and cut off his head, parading it on a pike Flag of France is created Slogan “Liberty, Equality and Fraternity” is used Tear down Bastille with bare hands This day will eventually be the National day for France What happens at the Bastille?

17. Aug 4, 1789 – vote to abolish feudal rights and end serfdom Declares all people equal under the law Writes the “Declaration of the Rights of Man the Citizen” Sold church property to repay debt New constitution for France Freedom of thought, speech, religion, security, and property Limits power of the King (no monarch in charge) No titles or nobility – all equal What does the National Assembly do for the people? What is the Declaration of the rights of man and the citizen?

19. Women are angry the price of bread is still high Women from fish market march to Versailles to complain to king – gather thousands on way Mob surrounds Versailles – yelling for royals No reply= enter, kill guards, destroy Marie Antoinette’s room Force Royal family to come to Paris as prisoners (guards heads on sticks) Countryside – peasants fear will lose new rights, so attack Lord’s manors and kill hundreds of nobility (called “great fear”) Why do the women march to Versailles? Why is it important? What are the people outside of Paris doing?

21. The French Revolution Part 2 A Radical Revolution and the Execution of the King

22. Debate over constitutional monarchy vs. republic (killing king) Radical Jacobins (group) want the king dead Maximilien Robespierre, Jacques Danton, and Jean-Paul Marat are the leaders of the Jacobin groups – want the king dead What will the National Assembly do with the Royal Family? Who are the Jacobins?

23. Maximilien Robespierre

24. Jean-Paul Marat

25. Georges Danton

26. Other countries fear what France is doing Nationalism makes citizens of France want to fight/ gain land Declare war on Prussia and Austria Everyone against revolution (or against Robespierre) is arrested and jailed, without trail The National Assembly becomes the National Convention Losing (at first) – Prussian and Austrian troops head towards Paris San Culottes – radical group – kill all prisoners, with guillotine, without trail Why? They fear they will join attacking forces Eventually push Austria and Prussia out of France Why does France go to war? What happens with the war? What do the San-Culottes do?

27. King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette try to escape, but fail Are held separately, as prisoners Robespierre must kill the King to stop resistance to revolution Execute Louis XVI with the guillotine on Jan. 21, 1793 In October 1793, Marie Antoinette is executed Their son dies that year of abuse and neglect France is officially a Republic What does the King do? Why does Robespierre execute the king? What does this mean?

30. The French Revolution Part 3 The Reign of Terror

31. Marat was a newspaper writer who wrote articles for the revolution, sating the only way to move forward is to kill everyone against them He is assassinated by Charlotte Corday (in a bathtub) He becomes a martyr – the face of the revolution Danton was a radical who worked with Robespierre to get rid of the monarchy Who is Marat? Who is Danton?

33. Committee of public safety is created to stop all enemies of the republic Run by Robespierre – making him the most powerful in France “Law of Suspects” arrest any noble, check all for birth certificates – executed Must be for revolution - say ‘citizen’ - or executed Can be executed for any suspicion Guillotined 40 000 citizens in 1 year Robespierre executes Danton when he questions this (1794) What is the Committee of Public Safety and why was it created? What happens to Danton?

34. Robespierre decides he doesn’t want the church to have power either – gets rid of the 7 day week, changes month names, and declares himself to be the “Supreme Being” He tells his advisors he has an execution list, but doesn’t read it In fear for their lives, his advisors arrest Robespierre Robespierre attempts suicide – fails (shoots his jaw) He is executed with the guillotine How does Robespierre lose power?

35. Government becomes the “directory” and remains until Napoleon tacks power France remains a Republic Introduced the metric system, modernized the army, and created new schools and universities End of the Revolution? Did Robespierre do anything good?