1. Medieval Europe Hundred Years’ War and the Plague

2. Key Terms Great Schism Bubonic plague Hundred Years’ War

3. Great Schism King Philip IV of France challenges power of the pope Pope dies and Philip persuade Cardinals to name a French pope and relocate him to France instead of Rome New Italian pope named and caused problems, so a second pope was chosen One pope lived in France, other in Rome

4. Great Schism The Church was now divided Cardinals tried to end the Great Schism by choosing a single pope, making there 3 popes With political help, Church forced all 3 to resign, and named one single pope Church challenged by scholars, saying Bible was higher than pope Scholars excommunicated and burned at the stake

5. Bubonic Plague Deadly disease that killed one-third of the European population Brought over through trade routes with Asia Quickly spread through Europe

6. Bubonic Plague

7. Killed ¾ of people that caught the disease About 25 million Europeans dead, and many more millions in Asia and N. Africa

8. Effects of the Plague Population decrease in cities Trade declines, prices rise More serfs leave manors for better wages Nobles resist peasant demands, leading to a peasant revolt Jews blamed for plague, persecuted, and even massacred Church loses prestige because prayers for healing fail

9. Hundred Years’ War Edward III of England claims throne of France Declares war on France for throne War lasts 116 years (1337-1453) Longbow changes war strategy

10. Joan of Arc Voices of saints told her to drive England out of France Helped lead France in battle and victory England returned, capturing Joan, and handed her over to the Church Church said she was witch because she heard voices, and burned at the stake

11. Impact of Hundred Years’ War French eventually drive English out of France Feeling of nationalism in England and France Power and prestige of French monarch increases War of Roses in England, a fight between two noble houses for the English throne Considered end of Middle Ages