1. HUMAN ANATOMY
The Appendicular
Skeleton
Ch. 8

2. Appendicular Skeletal System
126 bones
Consists of the:
Upper Extremities
Pectoral Girdle
Humerus
Ulna & radius
Carpal bones
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Lower Extremities
Pelvic girdle
Femur
Tibia & fibula
Tarsal bones
Metatarsals
Phalanges

3. Appendicular Skeletal System
For the Appendicular Skeletal System part of the unit, there will be no lecture.
You have been given the notes you will be tested/ quizzed on (also on Schoolwires).
You should be familiar with all bones & bone regions identified in the notes & in the station rotation!

4. Appendicular Skeleton Box O’ Bones Activity
The End
Appendicular Skeleton Box O’ Bones Activity
Use your notes, texts, models of bones & activities to learn each bone/region of the Appendicular Skeleton!
Make flashcards of bones & bone regions at each station!
ANY of these bones are FAIR GAME for the Appendicular Practical!
Put ALL materials back where they go BEFORE you leave the station!
You have 15 mins./station!
Stations 1-4: Upper Appendicular System
Station 5-8: Lower Appendicular System

5. The Upper Extremities Bones & bone regions to be familiar with!
Pectoral girdle
Clavicle
Scapula
Superior & medial borders
Lateral border
Inferior angle
Caracoid process
Acromion process
Brachium
Humerus
Head
Greater & lesser tuberosities
Medial & lateral epicondyles
Ulnar nerve
Antebrachium
Radius
Ulna
Olecranon process
Trochlear (semilunar) notch
Carpals
Carpus
Metacarpals
Manus
Phalanges
Pollex

6. The Upper Extremities

7. The Pectoral Girdle Clavicles Scapulae SUPERIOR
Manubrium
Clavicles
“S” shaped bones that originate at the superior lateral border of the manubrium of the sternum
Scapulae
Flat bones located at the posterior lateral portion of the body
LATERAL
MEDIAL
INFERIOR

8. Regions to be familiar with
The Upper Limbs
Regions to be familiar with
Brachium (upper arm) contains the humerus
Antebrachium (forearm) contains the radius & ulna

9. Brachium Humerus: Long bone that extends from the scapula to the elbow
Superior round portion that articulates with the scapula is known as the “head”
Greater & lesser tuberosities
Medial & lateral epicondyles
Sites of skeletal muscle attachment
“Tuberosity” – refers to a process
“Epi” – on, “condyle” – knuckle
Ulnar nerve: runs the length of the humerus & attaches at the proximal end of the ulna (olecranon process)
Blow to nerve sends sensation known as a “funny bone”

10. Antebrachium
The humerus articulates with the radius & ulna at a location known as the “condyle”
Ulna: long bone that is medial to radius
Olecranon process: superior/ proximal end of ulna
Forms point of elbow
Trochlear (semilunar) notch: large depression where distal end of humerus articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna
Radius: long bone that is the lateral bone of forearm

11. Wrist, Hand & Fingers
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

12. Is this diagram showing correct anatomical positioning?
Carpus & Manus Bones
Carpus (wrist) –
Contains 8 carpal short bones
2 rows
Manus (hand) contains 19 bones in 2 groups
Metacarpals (5 in palm of hand) –
Short bones that articulate with distal carpal bones to support the hand
Roman numerals (I-V) are used to identify the metacarpals from lateral to medial
Phalanges (14 finger bones) –
Articulate distally to metacarpal bones
Proximal, middle & distal sets
Thumb is known as the pollex
Only has proximal & distal sets I V IV
III II
BRAIN BREAK:
Is this diagram showing
correct anatomical positioning?

13. The Lower Extremities Bones & bone regions to be familiar with!
Pelvic girdle – ossa coxae
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Pubis symphysis
Acetabulum
Greater sciatic notch
Ischial Tuberosity
Femur
Head
Neck
Shaft
Greater (anterior) & Lesser (posterior) Trochanters
Medial & Lateral Epicondyles
Patella
Fibula
Head
Tibia
Tibial Tuberosity
Lateral & medial condyles
Tarsals
Talus
Calcaneous bone
Navicular bone
Cuboid
Lateral, medial & intermediate cuneiform bones
Metatarsals
Phalanges

14. The Lower Extremities

15. Pelvic Girdle Paired hipbones - “ossa coxae” Each hipbone – os coxa
Fusion of 3 bones
Ilium (pl. – Ilia)
Extensive area of muscle, tendon, ligament attachment
Ischium (pl. – Ischia)
Posterior
Pubis
Anterior joint - Articulation of pubis bone at the anterior portion of the pelvic girdle – pubis symphysis
Fibrocartilage at joint
Posterior articulation – Ilia articulate to sacrum of vertebral column

16. More on the Ossa Coxae Acetabulum Greater sciatic notch –
Ilium
Acetabulum
Articulation socket of ilia & head of each femur
All 3 bones of ossa coxae meet here
Greater sciatic notch –
Area through which large sciatic nerve runs & reaches lower extremities
Ischial Tuberosity –
Projection on posterior, lateral side of ischia
Bears all body weight when sitting
Pubis
Ischium

17. Comparison of Male & Female
Pelvic Girdles
Female:
Less massive, shallower pubic arch, pelvic inlet round/oval
Male:
Heavier, upper pelvis nearly vertical, coccyx more vertical, pelvic inlet heart-shaped, outlet smaller

18. Femur Fibula Tibia The Lower Limbs Is this person standing in
correct anatomical position?

19. FEMUR Longest & heaviest bone in body
Articulates proximally with ossa coxae at hip joint & distally with tibia at knee joint
Regions to identify:
Head
Neck
Shaft
Greater (anterior) & Lesser (posterior) Trochanters
Medial & Lateral Epicondyles

20. Patella (Kneecap) Triangular sesamoid bone
Enclosed in the quadriceps tendon that secures the anterior thigh muscles to the tibia (lower limb)
Guards knee joint anteriorly & improves leverage of thigh muscles acting across knee joint

21. Tibia & Fibula Tibia – Fibula –
Large medial bone that articulates with the epicondyles of the femur
Helps support weight
“shinbone”
Fibula –
Parallels the lateral border of the tibia
Aids in moving foot & toes

22. This little piggy went to the market…
Tarsal bones:
Talus: ankle
Calcaneous bone: heel bone
Navicular bone
Cuboid
Lateral, medial & intermediate cuneiform bones
Metatarsals –
Long bones that articulate with distal tarsal bones
Identified by Roman Numerals (I-V)
Phalanges (toes, digits)
Articulate distally to metatarsal bones
Proximal, middle, distal (14 total)
Big toe – “Great toe”
Has 2 phalanges (proximal & distal) I II
III IV V