1. Crusades Military Expeditions aimed at reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims

2. Nine Total Eight plus a Children’s Crusade

3. Causes Contributing Immediate

4. Contributing Factors Feudalism Chivalry Religious Idealism Weakening of Byzantine Empire

5. Immediate Causes Conquests by Seljuk Turks Byzantine Emperor’s call for help Pope’s ambition to reunite Christendom Pope’s appeal to Christian knights Knight’s religious zeal and earthly ambitions Italian cities desire for commercial power

6. Urban II gbgm-umc.org/umw/bible/images/urban.jpg Pope, upon learning of Byzantine Emperor’s distress calls Western Christians to arms

7. First Crusade

8. Facts of 1 st Crusade Begin 1096 through 1099 Two parts: –People’s Crusade – almost all Christians killed –Knights army – capture Jerusalem on July 15, 1099 Thousands of Muslims and Jews slaughtered in Jerusalem and on way to Jerusalem The Turks will eventually reclaim Jerusalem

9. Second Crusade 1147-1149

10. 2 nd Crusade Facts 1147-1149 Crusaders, led by King Louis VII of France and German king Conrad II, once again attempt to claim Jerusalem but failed

11. Third Crusade 1189-1192 Also called the Kings’ Crusades

12. Three Crusader Kings

13. King Richard “the Lionhearted” www.carpenoctem.tv/img/lionhearted.jpg English Only king to finish crusade

14. King Phillip II home.austarnet.com.au/dfgoonan/Phil2Aug.jpg French Had quarrel with Richard and went home to seize French lands from the English

15. Frederick Barbarossa upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/Barbarossa.jpg Holy Roman Emperor Falls from his horse and drowns

16. Saladin members.at.infoseek.co.jp/isariya/saladin.jpg Son of Nur ad_din United Muslims of Egypt and Syria Defeats Crusaders Considered chivalrous by Richard Richard and Saladin sign Three-year truce –Christians could enter Jerusalem freely

17. Fourth Crusade 1202-1204

18. Innocent III www.flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/assets/room1/pope_innocent_iii.jpg Led 4 th Crusade Crusaders will attack and loot Christian cities of Zadar and Constantinople

19. Children’s Crusade 20,000 German set out for Jerusalem – Many died of hunger crossing Alps – Some went home – other were sold into slavery

20. Other Crusades Mostly aimed at Islamic cities in Northern Africa and Egypt

21. Effects of Crusades Immediate Long Term

22. Immediate Effects Temporary land gains in Palestine Sack of Constantinople Temporary gain in papal prestige

23. Long-Term Effects Decline of papal prestige Decline of feudal power Increase in monarchs’ power Increased religious intolerance Expansion of trade by Italian cities