1. After Charlemagne Fragmentation and Feudalism

2. The Collapse of Charlemagne’s Empire Louis the Pious Treaty of Verdun (843) Charles the Bald, Louis the German, Lothar Holy Roman Empire Magyars Vikings What are the main reasons for the collapse of Charlemagne's empire?

3. Feudal Society: Lords and Vassals lord Peace of God, Truce of God How were disputes resolved in the period following the dissolution of Charlemagne's empire? fief, feudum vassal, homage, fealty Explain the conflict regarding the use of the term "feudalism."

4. Manorialism serfs manorialism How and why did most peasants end up as serfs by the eleventh century? What do you observe about the standing of monasteries during this time? About bishops and archbishops?

6. King Alfred’s Dooms To what extent might the Dooms of King Alfred reveal a fusion of Roman, Christian, and Germanic elements? In answering this question, consider the folowing: –Does government seem to be strong or weak? –How are disputes resolved? What roles do individuals, family, or the king have in such resolutions? –What kinds of loyalties are important, to the state, individuals, family, or other? –To what extent was this society influenced by Christianity? Is there any evidence of tension between earlier Christian values (as we have seen in the gospel and in Augustine's Confessions) and those of this society?

7. In what ways do the dooms lay out the various social categories of Alfred's society and their relative importance to alfred and his men? How do the dooms reflect the relative importance of chastity for women and for men? What does this source show us about the economic base of ninth- century England? How important was commerce? Agriculture?