2. Simple Organisms part 2 Protist and Fungi

3. Oh Bacteria!  Oh, lacking any nucleus, you do have a cell wall You live in water, air, and soil, and anywhere at all You reproduce by fission and you do so very fast And under harsh conditions in an endospore you last  Chorus: Oh bacteria though simple and so small Without you ecosystems would not function well at all

4. True or False Review Questions Use thumbs up for True Use thumbs down for False 1. The 3 Domains of prokaryotes are eukaryotic, archaea and bacteria. 2. Protista can be multicellular, unicellular, animal-like, plant-like, fungus-like and prokaryotic. 3.Viruses are living DNA particles that use host cells to reproduce in a process called the Lytic cycle.

5. A. Kingdom Protista 1.They are unicellular or simple multicellular organisms and all are eukaryotes (have a nucleus). 2.They can be plant-like (algae), animal- like, or fungus-like, depending on how they obtain food. 3.Some can reproduce sexually (through conjugation), asexually, or both.

6. Algae: Plant-like Protists Description: 1. Contain chlorophyll that captures the sun’s energy for photosynthesis 2. Most of the multicellular protist are algae Examples:  1. Algae or seaweed  2. Diatoms  3. Volvox  4. Phytoplankton

7. Plant-like Carrageenan Diatoms Euglena Red Tide (algae bloom)

8. Protozoa: Animal-like Protists Description:  They eat other organisms to obtain food  Ingest the food and break it down to obtain energy  All are single celled Examples:  Paramecium (see picture above)  Ameoba Ameoba

9. Animal-like  Amoebae of Entamoeba histolytica, the cause of amoebic dysentery in humans;  Trypanosome brucei, a flagellate protozoan causing sleeping sickness in humans

10. Decomposers: Fungus-like Protists Description:  Absorb food from their surroundings  Mold—any organism with a fuzzy-looking growth  Helps organisms decay into nutrients for plants and animals. Examples:  Water mold  Slime mold  Plasmodial slime mold

11. Fungus-like Scrambled Egg Slime mold Dog Vomit Slime mold Water Mold Pretzel Plasmodial Slime Mold

12.  How do these devices help Protist obtain food? (Pg 34) Cilia  Helps it move around and sweeps food towards its mouth Flagella  Helps it move around Flexible cells  Cell oozes or spreads out and wraps around its food

13. How are they helpful?  Provide food for many small organism  Provides oxygen for a variety of animals  Used in Toothpastes –diatomaceous earth  Used as a thickener in chocolate milk and ice cream-- carrageenan How are they harmful?  Cause Malaria which destroys red blood cells  Causes other diseases

14. B. Kingdom Fungi 1.Fungi are eukaryotic consumers, but they do not eat. 2.Most fungi obtain nutrients by secreting digestive juices into a food source, then absorbing the dissolved substances. 3.Fungi are made up of chains of cells called hyphae that grow together to form a mycelium (like roots). hyphae

15. Reproduction  Reproduce using spores  They are released into the environment and spread by the wind  They begin to grow when water and food are available spores

16. Mushrooms  Filled with hyphae (that is what you eat)  Largest type of fungi  Spores are produced in the cap (top)  Many mushrooms are poisonous

17. Mushroom

18. Molds  Fuzzy appearance  Can be helpful and harmful  Penicillin comes from a mold  Used to make cheeses

19. Molds

20. Yeast  Mostly single-cellular fungi  Grows in moist environments  Used in making bread rise

21. Yeast

22. Lichen  Symbiosis between the Protist Algae and hyphae of a Fungi  The hyphae forms a sandwich around the algae, which produce sugar and other nutrients for the fungus

23. Lichen

24. How are they helpful?  They are decomposers that recycles nutrients back into the environment  As a food source  Make certain foods, soy sauce, cheese  Creates stonewashed jeans

25. How are they harmful?  Can produce toxins or harmful chemicals  Allergens  Potato Famine, Athletes foot, Dutch elm disease, powdery white mildew