1. Prologue 3 Democratic Developments in England –I) Medieval Reforms –II) Parliament Grows Stronger –III) Establishment of a Constitutional Monarchy

2. Lecture Directions Copy definitions in bold print Be able to define roman numerals: I) Medieval Reforms II) Parliament Grows Stronger III) Establishment of a Constitutional Monarchy

3. I) Medieval Reforms The economic and political system of the Middle Ages was feudalism, where nobles are granted the use of lands that belong to the king in exchange for their loyalty, military service and protection of the people who live on the land. Henry II develops a single legal system England that includes juries and the beginnings of common law, which reflects the customs and principles established over time, not just the will of a ruler. At the demand of English nobles in 1215, King John signs the Magna Carta (Great Charter), which limited the power of the king.

4. Magna Carta Magna Carta gave people the right to due process of law, citizens have protection of the law- jury, trial, can’t punish at will. King can’t not levy(impose) taxes without the consent of Parliament, England’s national legislature The monarch (King) had no right to rule in any way they pleased, but had to govern according to the law.

5. II) Parliament Grows Stronger Over the next few centuries, Parliament’s “power of the purse” or right to approve expenses gave it growing influence in governing. Where do we see similar struggles today in government?.  The power of the purse plays a critical role in the relationship of the United States Congress and the President of the United States, and has been the main historic tool by which Congress can limit executive power

6. II) Parliament vs. Monarch The idea of the divine right of kings, - claims that monarchs were chosen by God and responsible only to God. Problems grow between Parliament and Monarch over power struggles. Monarch Charles I is forced to sign the Petition of Rights in return for the ability to tax.

7. II) Parliament Grows Stronger The Petition of rights went against the idea of divine right and absolute monarchy by demanding an end to: –Taxing without Parliament's consent –Imprisoning citizens illegally English Civil War breaks out when Charles I refuses Clashes between the monarchy and the parliament

8. III) Establishment of Constitutional Monarchy The Glorious Revolution, as it came to be called, established Parliament's right to limit the power of the English king and control succession to the throne. England was now a constitutional monarchy, where the powers of a ruler are restricted by constitution and the laws of the country.

9. III) Establishment of Constitutional Monarchy In 1689 William and Mary accepted the English Bill of Rights, a formal written summary of rights and liberties considered essential to the people. protected free speech in Parliament Can’t tax or raise an army during peacetime without the consent of Parliament, and people were protected against excessive bail, cruel or unusual punishment, and had the right to petition the government to seek remedies for their grievances. England’s Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights, along with the ideas of the Enlightenment, would give rise to democratic revolutions in America and France in the late 18 th century

10. Please identify terms using lecture 1. Feudalism 2. Common law 3. Magna Carta 4. Due process of law; law must follow established legal principles that protect rights. 5. Parliament 6. Divine right 7. Glorious Revolution 8. Constitutional Monarchy; power of the king is limited by the written law (constitution) of the land 9. Bill of Rights

11. Additional questions 1. How did the Magna Carta change the way people were taxed? 2. Why did Parliament force the monarch to sign the Petition of Right? 3What event led England to become a constitutional monarchy?