1. Animal Nutrition

2. What is animal nutrition? The dietary needs of domesticated and captive wild animals

3. Why is animal nutrition important? Animals need proper nutrition to support their body requirements: – Growth – Maintenance – Work – Reproduction – Lactation

4. How are nutritional requirements determined? Digestive System – Ruminant or Non-Ruminant Feeding Type – Carnivore, Omnivore or Herbivore Body Requirements

5. How are nutritional requirements met? By feeding a balanced diet

6. What is a balanced diet? A feeding program that: – Stimulates natural feeding behaviors – Meets all nutritional requirements – Is practical and economical

7. How are natural feeding behaviors stimulated? Feeding diets that allow the animal to obtain their food in a similar manner to that in the wild – Where – How – Time – Type

8. How are nutritional requirements met in the diet? Providing a diet that consists of the 6 basic nutrients in quantities appropriate for each specific animal species

9. What are the 6 basic nutrients? Carbohydrates Fats and Oils Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water

10. What are carbohydrates? Nutrients made up of sugars, starches & cellulose Provide energy – Largest source of energy in a diet Source – Cereal grains (corn, wheat and oats) – Roughage (alfalfa hay, grasses and plants) – Sugars (Molasses to improve taste & reduce dust)

11. Corn

12. What are fats & oils? Nutrients made up of triglycerides and fatty acids Provide energy – 2.25 times the energy as carbohydrates Extra carbs are stores as fat Carry fat soluble vitamins Source – Grain & protein concentrates (corn & soybean oil) – Natural feed ingredients (meat, fish, nuts & eggs)

13. Soybean Oil

14. What are proteins? Nutrients made up of amino acids Provide materials for growth – Body tissues (muscles, skin & hair) Source – Plant (soybean, cottonseed & alfalfa meal) – Animal (meat & fish meal, dried milk)

15. Meat

16. What are vitamins? Organic compounds, containing carbon, needed in small amounts Provide materials for body regulation – Water soluble (B-complex & C) – Fat soluble (A, D, E & K) Source – Pre-mix (powder added to feed, best way to provide) – Natural feed ingredients (fruits & vegetables)

17. Vitamin C

18. What are minerals? Inorganic compounds, containing NO carbon, needed in small amounts Provide materials for growth and regulation – Bones, teeth & tissues (calcium & phosphorus) – Chemical homeostasis (iron, folic acid & copper) Source – Pre-mix (powder) or mineral block (separate from feed) – Natural feed ingredients (meat, milk, green vegetables) – Nature (soil & rocks)

19. Calcium

20. What is water? The most important nutrient, essential for the survival of all animals Provides: – Hydration of body – Transport system for nutrients (dissolves & carries) Source – Supplied separately from diet From a clean well or plumbing

21. H2OH2O

22. Nutrient Review Carbohydrates – Provide energy – Sources Cereal Grains – Corn (most popular) – Oats and Wheat Roughages – Alfalfa Hay (high energy/fiber) Sugars – Molasses (increases palatability *taste* and reduces dust)

23. Nutrient Review Fats and Oils – Provide energy 2.25x more than carbohydrates – Carry fat soluble vitamins – Sources Grain and protein concentrates – Vegetable oil Natural sources – Meats, nuts and dairy products

24. Nutrient Review Proteins – Provide amino acids for growth and development – Sources Animal – Meat, Bone and Fish meal – Dried milk Plant – Soybean and cottonseed meal *The word meal is almost always after the protein source *

25. Nutrient Review Vitamins – Regulate body functions – Designated by letters (A, B, C, D, E and K) – Sources Premix – Most effective source Natural sources – Fruits and Vegetables

26. Nutrient Review Minerals – Regulate body functions – Provide growth of bones and tissues – Sources Premix – Most certain source Natural sources – Meats, vegetables, rocks and soil

27. Nutrient Review Water – Hydrate the body Makes up 40-80% of the body – Regulate body functions – Transport nutrients – Sources Clean water sources