1. Influence on Democracy

2. Government ► What does government mean?  A system for controlling the society ► 2000 BC Greeks established cities ► Each had a government  Government was created to keep order and peace ► Without

3. Types of Government ► Monarchy- a single king or monarch ruled the government ex. King/ Emporer  Think of when your brother or sister gets to be in charge for the first time ► Aristocracy- ruled by a small group of noble, land-owning families ex.Rich/Born into $$

4. ► Oligarchy- a government ruled by a few powerful people ex.Like a monarchy w/ more people ► Democracy- means “rule of the people” ex. In the US we elect President, Congress and Senate to represent us  Demos=people, kratos=power

5. ► Imagine…  I want our class to be a democracy! We will vote on the format of the quiz: multiple choice, fill in the blank or true or false  What if I said only 3 people were eligible to vote?

6. Early Greek Democracy ► All free adult males were citizens ► People were enslaved to pay debts $$$  Slaves were not considered citizens ► Any citizen could bring charges against wrongdoers  Not just nobles had the right to bring charges

7. Greece ► Early democracy ► Only citizens could participate in government ► About 10% were citizens ► Women, slaves and foreign residents were not allowed to participate in government  Is this a real democracy?

8. Direct Democracy ► Citizens making laws rather than representatives  “Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people”  Also developed 3 branches of government ► We still have this in America

9. Rome’s Republic ► Greece was in decline while the Romans were becoming powerful in Europe  Republic- people elect representatives  Only free-born males could vote  Patricians v Plebians AKA Rich vs. Poor

10. Law develops ► The rich twisted oral laws to benefit themselves  Not written somewhere so that everyone can know them ► Led to creation of the Twelve Tables ► Laws carved on 12 tablets for public display ► Laws are now clear and can’t be twisted for benefit ► This was forced by the Plebians (poor)

11. Important Roman Laws ► All citizens had the right to equal treatment under the law ► Innocent until proven guilty ► Burden of proof rested with the accuser ► Any unreasonable or unfair law could be set aside

12. Rome’s impact ► Idea of the republic  Elected representatives ► Written legal code ► They took and added to the Greeks ideas of Democracy ► Citizen of the State, not the subject of the ruler

13. Religious Influences ► Judaism, Christianity and Islam all influenced democracy  Worth of individuals  Being responsible  Questioning authority

14. Judaism ► Many other religions were polytheist, while the Hebrews were monotheist ► Believed it was God’s wish for people to live a moral life ► Code of laws AKA Ten Commandments  Morality/ethics ► What are some of the Ten Commandments?

15. ► “He has told you, O mortal, what is good; and what does the lord require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?” Micah 6:8

16. ► The prophets taught that each person has a responsibility to oppose injustice and oppression

17. Christianity ► Jesus was born about 6-4 BC  Jew and a Roman subject  Many of his ideas came from the Jewish tradition  God’s personal relationship w/ each human being ► Romans saw him as a threat  “King of the Jews”  Too many people following him  Death by crucifixion

18. Spread of Christianity ► As Jews were exiled from Rome, they took their ideas with them ► Stressed equality of all human beings

19. Islam ► Another monotheistic religion based on equality ► Based on the teaching of the prophet Muhammad ► Requires that Muslims offer charity help to those in need

20. What did these monotheistic religions give us? ► Fight oppression- bad conditions or mistreatment ► Worth of the individual ► Equality of people before God

21. Discuss ► Pair-share: What happens if you are accused of a crime and charged? What happens in court? ► Imagine having to fight to the death for your freedom

22. Democracy Develops in England ► William the Duke of Normandy defeated the Anglo-Saxons  William claimed the throne ► This led to the end of feudalism  Centralized gov’t in England  Democracy begins to develop

23. Trial by Jury ► Royal Judge in charge of the courts ► 12 men, often neighbors of the accused answered questions about the case  Known as the Jury ► People liked this better because it was more fair

24. ► Who makes the laws at home? School?  Do you feel they are fair?  What if we get a new Principal and all the rules change?

25. Laws ► Common Law  A set of rules established over time  Not the will of one lawmaker or King ► Magna Carta (Great Charter)  Angry that the King tried to raise taxes to pay for a bad war  Contract between the King and nobles  Individual rights and liberties  LIMITED the POWER of the King

26. The Magna Carta ► The King now needs parliament’s approval to tax  Power of the purse ► Right to a jury trial  You don’t just get thrown in jail because someone said you broke the law, they had to prove it  Due process of law ► The law working in predictable ways

27. Parliament over the King ► King James ignoring common law courts using the Star Chamber  Special royal court, rules don’t apply  Bypassing due process ► Queen Elizabeth left lots of debt and James wanted more $ for courts and wars

28. Charles takes over ► Dad dies, Charles becomes King ► Still needs $$ ► Parliament gave him the $, but made him sign Petition of Right, which ended:  Can’t tax w/o parliament’s consent  Illegally imprisoning citizens  Housing troops in people’s homes ► Charles signs

29. ► Charles ignores the Petition and dismisses Parliament ► Royalists (for monarchy) ► Antiroyalists (King is a tyrant) ► 7 years of fighting ► Charles called: “tyrant, murderer and public enemy” ► Charles executed

30. English Bill of Rights ► The rights that limit the power of the King  Can’t just change the laws as they feel ► Can’t suspend laws ► Can’t tax without approval from parliament ► Can’t raise an army unless there’s a war ► No more cruel and unusual punishment ► No more excessive bail

31. Summary of England’s influence ► Magna Carta ► Bill of Rights ► Rule of law ► Limited the influence of the King

32. ► Framers- those responsible for creating the Constitution ► Representative government-Citizens elect representatives to make laws for them  Similar to Rome’s Republic ► Federalism-government’s powers divided between central government and state and local government

33. Democracy in the US ► 1787 American leaders meet in Philadelphia to work out a better plan for government  Created the US Constitution  Wanted it to be strong, but not a tyranny ► US Constitution is a model for other democracies

34. ► Separation of powers  Executive, legislative and judicial  Keeps one branch from having too much power

35. US builds a constitution ► Wanted to create a strong, stable government, but without abusing the people ► Set up a representative government  Citizens elect people to represent them ► Congress/Senate ► Federal system  Power split between governments, one person doesn’t hold all the power  No Monarchs  Separation of powers

37. Hobbes vs. Locke ► Thomas Hobbes  People are selfish by nature  Need a Monarch to control selfishness  Social Contract- submitting to a ruler to keep the peace ► Having one person in charge is not total freedom, but it is better than being out in nature with no protection at all

38. John Locke ► If the government is violating or failing to protect your rights, you have the right to overthrow it  The government must at least protect the natural rights of the people ► Power comes from the people, not God