1. Chapter 1

2.  What is meant by fair and equal laws?

3. List what you know about the beginning of our country

4.  Formed because the colonists did not like the way they were treated by England  Colonists decided to make their own government and they broke away from England  They wanted to make rules/laws that were fair  Rights of the people were written into law  Political ideas came from other governments; Greece, Rome and especially England

5. Greece  Democracy is from the Greek language  Democracy means “rule by the people”  People divided into four groups  Only free men ruled; the Assembly  Athens, the city-state, had the best government  City-states were always at war with one another

6.  Citizens elected people to speak and act for them  People chose representatives  Government was called a Republic  Free men, wealthy and common men, ran the govt.  Men appointed Senators  Senate most powerful part of govt.  Common people had say in govt., they could veto any rule or law

7.  Changed many times  1154 Henry II became king ◦ He appointed judges and they decided the rules/laws ◦ Two types of laws; ones that everyone obeys and those that deal with rights and duties for individuals ◦ The king appointed a jury

8.  Signed by King John  Magna Carta means Great Charter  A charter is a written agreement  It gave certain rights to the English people and limited the king’s power

9.  King must ask advice of nobles in important matters  No special taxes unless nobles agreed  No free man in prison without being judged by peers (trial by jury)  Due process by law (protection against taking life, liberty or property)  People were allowed to elect a Parliament

10.  Parliament felt that the power of king was too strong  The Petition of Right listed the things that a king could not do (1628) ◦ A king could not force rich people to make loans ◦ People could not be put in prison without a jury trial ◦ No martial law or sheltering troops

11.  Passed in 1689 during the rule of William and Mary  Stated the powers of the king and queen  No standing army during peacetime  Fair trial by all citizens  Subjects were free of excessive bail  Freedom from “cruel and unusual punishment”

12.  Magna Carta- Allowed a Parliament. The colonists in America followed the same system. The US Congress and state legislatures are based on this system.  Petition of Right and English Bill of Rights-  The settlers who came to America knew their rights from the English Bill of Rights. Those rights were very similar to the new ones written in America

13.  Period of time where people questioned tradition, government, religion, etc.  American govt. considered ideas from European political thinkers

14. What did the government look like before the Enlightenment?