1. Reconstruction

2. Reconstruction
Refers to the post-Civil War policies of the U.S. government toward the former Confederate states of the South.

3. Two Phases of Reconstruction
Presidential Reconstruction:
Lincoln and Johnson tried to reunite the North and South in a lenient manner.
2. Congressional Reconstruction:
Congress takes power and overrides vetoes to make sure that the former Confederates are punished and rights are given to former slaves.

4. 13th Amendment
Amendment to the Constitution that abolished slavery.(1865)
Pushed through the Congress with the help of the many republicans who favored this bill

5. Slavery was abolished in all states and
territories in the United States

6. Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
President Abraham Lincoln was
assassinated
in Washington, D.C. only five
days after
Confederate general
Robert E. Lee surrendered
his troops at
Appomattox Court House, Virginia.

7. Assassination of Lincoln
John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre
Booth was killed as he fled. His conspirators were tried and hanged for the assassination.

10. President Andrew Johnson
Being Lincoln’s Vice President, Andrew Johnson becomes President of the United States after Lincoln dies

11. Reconstruction
Time period following the Civil War which lasted from
Radical Republicans –representatives in congress that wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders. They wanted to give African Americans the citizenship and right to vote.

12. Leader of the Radical Republicans
Thaddeus Stevens
Leader of the Radical Republicans

13. Johnson’s Reconstruction View
Changed from Lincoln’s policy of letting the succeeded states vote to see if they would voluntarily rejoin the Union after the war. If 10% would agree, they could join again.
4 of the 11 states had done this under Lincoln.
The remaining 7 states could join under Johnson’s conditions.

14. Johnson’s Reconstruction View
Johnson’s Conditions:
Each state had to declare that its secession was illegal
Each state had to swear allegiance to the Union
Each state had to ratify the thirteenth Amendment

15. Radical Republicans React
Johnson’s policies did not punish the former Southern Confederates enough to satisfy the Radical Republicans.
Radical Republicans passed legislation to strengthen the “Freedman’s Bureau”, which gave former slaves and poor whites (of the former confederacy) food, clothing, hospitals, and schools.

16. Black Codes
Restrictive laws that Southern states adopted after the Civil War to regulate the freedom and movement of former slaves.

17. Civil Rights Act of 1866
Passed by Congress on 9th April 1866 over the veto of President Andrew Johnson. The act declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition. This set the groundwork, and eventual ratification, of the 14th Amendment.

18. 14th Amendment
“all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are citizens of the country.”
This amendment did not specify that African Americans could vote
Not all Southern States ratified this.

19. Reconstruction Act of 1867
Divided all succeeded states (but Tennessee) into 5 Military Districts
Each military district was headed by a Union General
Each state had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment
Each state had to draw up new constitutions with the addition of allowing African Americans the right to vote.

20. Impeached
To charge, or impeach, and convict the president, the vice president, or any other civil officers of misconduct in office.

21. Johnson Impeached
Congress adopted the Tenure of Office Act of 1867, which denied the president authority to fire key members of his administration without Senate approval.
Johnson tested that act when he attempted to replace Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, a Radical Republican holdover from Lincoln's administration.

22. Impeachment
The House of Representatives to adopt 11 impeachment charges against him, most of which focused on the firing of Stanton

23. Johnson cleared of charges
Senate fell one vote shy of the two-thirds majority needed for conviction

24. U.S. Grant Elected President, 1868
Democrats did not nominate Johnson for the next presidency. They put in Horatio Seymour as their candidate.
Radical Republicans put in war hero U.S. Grant.

25. Ratified by the states in 1870.
Fifteenth Amendment
No one can be kept from voting because of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”
Ratified by the states in 1870.

26. Amendment Review 13th Amendment 14th Amendment 15th Amendment Freedom
Citizenship
15th Amendment
Vote

27. Reconstruction Society

28. Blacks in Reconstruction

29. Hiram Revels
From 1865 to 1877 African Americans were involved in politics at all levels.
Revels, was the first African American Senator. (Mississippi)

30. Carpetbagger
Men from the North who traveled to the South after the Civil War to take advantage of the new political, social, and economic conditions in the former states of the defeated Confederacy.

31. Scalawag
Term that Southerners applied to fellow Southerners who joined the Republican Party or associated with carpetbaggers during Reconstruction.
Rhett Butler from the movie Gone with the
Wind was considered a Scalawag by
Some.

32. Sharecropping
Landowners divide their land and gave each worker a few acres along with seed and tools.
When crops are harvested each workers gave a share of his crop to the landowner.
This is what the majority of poor whites and blacks did

33. Tenant Farming Rent land for cash Had their own tools and equipment
Eventually moved up the ladder and became owners of land

34. The Collapse of Reconstruction
Ku Klux Klan- began in December 1865, when a group of former Confederate soldiers in Tennessee joined together in an effort to keep newly freed and enfranchised African Americans from voting.

35. Ku Klux Klan
Vigilante group that whipped, tortured, and murdered former slaves in an attempt to restore white supremacy.

36. Scandals In U.S. Grant’s Second Term
Several Fraud and Bribery Scandals and a economic Panic in 1873 negatively effected Grant’s second term in office.
This also weakened the Republican Party’s hold on Congress

37. Democrats “Redeem” the South
Democrats gain control of the South as a result of the changes in Government.

38. Election of 1876
Rutherford B. Hayes runs as Republican candidate for President and wins in 1876 by a slim margin.
Hayes made a compromise with Democrats in the Senate that he would remove Federal Troops from the south and build new railroads for sections of the South. Ultimately ending Reconstruction.

39. The ability to run state governments without federal intervention.
Home Rule
The ability to run state governments without federal intervention.

40. Morehouse College

41. Brother Where Art Thou

42. Black Codes of Thomas County