1. Reconstruction and its Effects
The period during in which the U.S. began to rebuild after the Civil War
Also refers to the process the federal government used to readmit the defeated Confederate states to the Union.

2. Lincoln’s Plan Ten percent plan
The government would pardon all Confederates except high ranking officials and those accused of crimes against prisoners of war.
As soon as ten percent of those who had voted in 1860 took this oath of allegiance, a Confederate state could form a new state government.

3. Radical Republicans
Wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders.
Most of all, they wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship and the right to vote.

4. Lincoln Assassinated
John Wilkes Booth shoots and kills President Lincoln at Fords Theatre.
Andrew Johnson becomes President

5. Johnson’s Plan For Reconstruction
Excluded high-ranking Confederates and wealthy southern landowners from taking the oath needed for voting privileges.
Pardoned more than 13,000 former Confederates because he believed that “White men alone must manage the South.”

6. Johnson’s Plan For Reconstruction
Congress refused to admit the new Southern legislators.
Civil Rights Act of 1866 gave African Americans citizenship and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws or black codes.
Johnson vetoed Civil Rights Act of 1866.

7. Congressional Reconstruction
Overrode the president’s vetoes of the Civil Rights Act and Freedmen’s Bureau Act.
Fourteenth Amendment prevented states from denying rights and privileges to any U.S. citizen, now defined as “all persons born or naturalized in the United States”

8. Congressional Reconstruction
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Act divided the former Confederate states into five military districts.
The states were required to give African Americans the right to vote and ratify the fourteenth amendment in order to reenter the Union.
Johnson vetoed Reconstruction Act of 1867

9. Johnson vetoed Reconstruction Act of 1867

10. Johnson Impeached
Johnson’s removal of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton from office, violated the Tenure of Office Act.
The House Impeached Johnson
The Senate voted not to convict.

11. U.S. Grant Elected More than 500,000 Southern African Americans voted.
9 out of 10 voted for Grant.
Fifteenth Amendment, no one can be kept from voting because of “race color or previous condition of servitude.”

12. Reconstructing Society
Conditions of a Postwar South
The Republican governments began public works programs to repair the physical damage and to provide social services.

13. Politics in the Postwar South
Scalawags were white Southerners who joined the Republican Party.
Carpetbaggers were Northerners who moved to the South after the war.

14. African Americans Gained voting rights due to Fifteenth Amendment.
Registered to vote for the first time.
Eager to exercise their voting rights

15. Former Slaves Improve Their Lives
Founded their own churches.
First public schools established by Reconstruction governments.
Churches help create schools; Howard, Fisk were founded by religious groups.

16. African Americans in Reconstruction
First time they held office in local, state, and federal government.
Hiram Revels was the first African American Senator.
Gen. Sherman promised former slaves who followed his army 40 acres per family and the use of army mules.

17. Sharecropping and Tenant Farming
Landowners divide their land and assigned each head of household a few acres, along with seed and tools.

18. Opposition To Reconstruction
Ku Klux Klan
Southern vigilante group.
Wanted to destroy the Republican party
Throw out the Reconstruction governments.
Prevent African Americans from exercising their political rights.

19. Support for Reconstruction Fades
Panic of 1873
Series of bank failures that triggered a five year depression.
Supreme Court began to undo some of the social and political changes the Radicals made.

20. Democrats “Redeem” the South
In the Election of 1876, Democrat candidate Samuel Tilden won the popular vote but was one vote short of electoral victory.
Southern Democrats in Congress agreed to accept Hayes if federal troops were withdrawn from the South.