1. A Western Dominated World Imperialism – the domination by one country of the political, social and economic life of another country or region.

2. “The sun never sets on the British Empire” http://www.regiments.org/img/maps/bemap.gif

3. Industrial Revolution = Imperialism The Industrial Revolution greatly strengthened European economies and gave westerners new confidence. Thus, European nations started on a path of aggressive expansion known as the “new imperialism”.

4. Motives What is a motive? Why would European nations want to claim territories elsewhere in the world? How do they go about doing this?

5. Motive #1 Economic Interests The Industrial Revolution created a need for raw materials and natural resources. It also created a need for markets. Someone to sell their finished products to so they can make a profit. The newly claimed territories offered an outlet for the rapidly expanding empire. A new frontier. An adventure.

6. Motive #2 Political and Military Interests Tied to the Industrial Revolution all the new steam powered merchant ships and naval vessels needed bases around the world to take on coal and supplies. Nationalistic rivalries also encouraged many nations to expand for fear of becoming the “weaker” nation.

7. Motive #3 Social Reasons Many westerners felt a genuine obligation to “improve” the lives of others. Missionaries wanted to spread their religion. They built churches and started conversion. Europeans saw themselves as superior due to the fact that they had industrialized.

8. Superior Beliefs (Theories) The White Man’s Burden Social Darwinism

9. White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling Take up the White Man's burden-- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.

10. What is the white man’s burden according to the poem? How do you think the natives felt about this perception? The white man’s burden is a euphemism what does this mean?

11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_White_Man's_Burden

13. Social Darwinism Social Darwinism is the idea that Charles Darwin's theory can be extended and applied to the social realm. The idea was promoted by Herbert Spencer Just as competition between individual organisms drives biological evolutionary change through "survival of the fittest", competition between individuals, groups, nations or ideas drives social evolution in human societies.

14. Do you agree with this statement? Within the human species, nations are locked in a struggle for survival. Everywhere, civilized nations are supplanting barbarous nations. Advanced civilization, obviously, has inherited valuable traits from its ancestors. Underdeveloped cultures, except in hostile climates, will soon die off. Therefore, natural order obligates powerful, civilized nations to appropriate the limited resources of the weak.

15. Social Darwinism Whether you agree or disagree Social Darwinism has been used as a justification for Imperialism. Powerful countries claim lands and subjugate peoples under the belief in Social Darwinism. The application of this theory has created racism.

16. How do the westerners take control? European nations were militarily superior. Most had stable governments. They possessed superior weaponry (Maxim machine gun). They had medical advances such as vaccines for deadly diseases.

17. Imperial Control How do you think France or Britain might control an area in the middle of the continent of Africa?

18. Colonies Some countries sent out governors, officials and soldiers to run the colonies. Britain used indirect rule – the use of locals to govern. France used direct rule – the use of Frenchman to govern.

19. Protectorate Rule In a protectorate, local rulers are left in place. The ruler was however expected to accept the advice of the European advisors. (puppets)

20. Sphere of Influence An area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading rights. China was carved out this way. It eliminates the to “take over” officially the region or area.

21. Create your own picture! Topic: European Imperialism

22. Imperialism in Africa

23. The Partition of Africa Partition = Divide

24. http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/maps/africa1914.jpg Africa at the height of European Imperialism.

25. http://www.fresno.k12.ca.us/divdept/sscience/history/imperialism_colonialism.htm

26. Why Africa? Africa is a huge continent, four times the size of Europe. It contains many diverse cultures and regions. The people of Africa spoke 100’s of different languages. This vast continent also possessed many valuable natural resources and raw materials that were needed by the Industrialized nations of the world.

27. European Contact Increases In the 1500’s and 1600’s the coastal areas of Africa had been used for trading with other nations but the interior was considered uncharted territory. Africa was referred to as the “Dark Continent” because the interior was unknown. Technology encourages exploration and many Europeans took on the challenge of the unknown in Africa.

28. “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” Stanley For 30 years Dr. Livingstone explored the continent as a missionary. He got to know many of the different cultures and fell in love with the beauty and nature of the lands. His perspective was one of the first that offered less bias. He proposed the ending of slavery and the opening up of Christianity for the peoples of Africa. He disappeared for a few years and upon the discovery of him in what is today Tanzania, Henry Stanley said “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”

29. The Great Scramble Begins! http://us-africa.tripod.com/scramble.jpg

31. http://www.mcps.k12.md.us/departments/isa/ninvest/imperial/scrambleafrica.htm

32. Berlin Conference 1884 To avoid bloodshed and save money, European nations decided to sit down in Berlin at the table and carve out the map of Africa for themselves. The interesting part is that no Africans were invited.

33. Berlin Conference http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://

34. “We have been engaged in drawing lines upon maps where no white man’s foot has ever trod. We have been giving away mountains and rivers and lakes to each other, only hindered by small impediment that we never knew exactly where the mountains and rivers and lakes were.” A British Politician

35. The Boer War 1899-1902 Dutch Boers Versus The British

36. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War Boer Guerillas

37. The Boers (Dutch farmers) resented British rule and had migrated north to found their own republics. In the late 1800’s the Boers discovered gold and diamonds and this set off the Boer War. In the end the British won, but at great cost. In all, the war had cost around 75,000 lives — 22,000 British soldiers (7,792 battle casualties, the rest through disease), 6,000-7,000 Boer soldiers, 20,000-28,000 Boer civilians and perhaps 20,000 black Africans.

38. Impact of the Boer War In 1910, the British took over the area and set up a government run by whites and laid the foundation for a system of complete racial segregation that remained in effect until 1993. = apartheid

39. http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/2c/images/1906L eopoldCaricPunch100dpi.jpg

40. Zulu Wars The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Empire. From complex beginnings, the war is notable for several particularly bloody battles, as well as for being a landmark in the timeline of colonialism in the region. The war ended the Zulu nation's independence.

41. The British gave an unreasonable ultimatum to the Zulus on 11 December 1878. The 4,000 word ultimatum could not be met. The was lasted six months. 1,727 Zulus died 10,500 British died

42. Suez Canal The Suez Canal located in Egypt is strategic because….

43. Cecil Rhodes and entrepreneur Cecil John Rhodes was an English-born businessman, mining magnate, and politician in South Africa. He was the founder of the diamond company De Beers, which today markets 40% of the world's rough diamonds and at one time marketed 90%. He was an ardent believer in colonialism and imperialism, and was the founder of the state of Rhodesia, which was named after him. Rhodesia, later Northern and Southern Rhodesia, eventually became Zambia and Zimbabwe respectively. South Africa's Rhodes University is named after him, and he is also known for the Rhodes Scholarship which is funded by his estate.

44. http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/virtual/port rait/colonial-legacy_2.jpg Cecil Rhodes “From the Cape to Cairo”

45. 1. Which is an accurate statement about the partitioning of Africa by European imperialist nations during the 1800’s? 1. new nations were based on old tribal boundaries 2. the cultural and ethnic diversity of the African people was disregarded 3. the continent was divided equally among the colonial powers 4. African unity was encouraged

46. 2. After 1880, European nations sought colonies in Africa primarily because the Europeans were 1. in need of land for their surplus populations 2. competing of raw materials and markets 3. determined to bring Christianity to the Moslem world 4. interested in completing their geographic knowledge of the world

47. 3. The 19th century term “White Man’s Burden” reflects the idea that 1. Asians and Africans were equal to Europeans 2. Asians and Africans would be grateful for European help 3. imperialism was opposed by most Europeans 4. Europeans had a responsibility to improve the lives of the colonial peoples

48. 4. In the past, European nations have conquered other lands, made them into colonies, and controlled their economies. Which term refers to the situation described in this statement? 1. socialism 2. isolationism 3. imperialism 4. monotheism

49. 5. During the 18th and 19th centuries, increased contact between European and the continents of Africa, Asia, and South America resulted in 1. closer cultural cooperation between Europe and these continents 2. the exploitation of the labor and resources of these continents 3. a return to the political and economic systems of feudal Europe 4. preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples

50. 6. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Europeans improved roads and bridges and built railroads in their colonies primarily to 1. provide jobs for the colonists 2. obtain raw materials needed for industrialization 3. impress the colonists with their technological knowledge 4. help missionaries spread Christianity