1. FIRST AID
Chapter 35

2. What’s Going Down First Aid? EMS Good Samaritan Plan
Universal Precautions
Primary Concerns
Secondary Concerns
Types of Injuries
Treatment

3. FIRST AID The immediate, temporary care given to
an ill or injured person until professional
medical care can be provided.

4. E M S Emergency Medical Services Doctors Nurses First Responders EMT’s
911 Dispatcher
Police
Firemen

5. Y O U !!!

6. Your Role in the EMS System
Recognize that an emergency exists
Decide to act
Call 911
Provide care until help arrives

7. Acts reasonable and prudent.
Good Samaritan Law
Legal protection to people who provide emergency care to ill or injured persons.
Acts reasonable and prudent.

8. Plan
Three C’s:
Check
Call
Care

9. Check Is the scene safe? What happened? How many victims are involved?
Can bystanders help?

10. WARNING
DO NOT MOVE A VICTIM UNLESS THEY
ARE IN IMMEDIATE DANGER!

11. Call 911 Emergency phone numbers Info for Dispatcher Exact location
Telephone #
What happened
# of victims
Condition of victim(s)
What help is being given

12. Universal Precautions (BSI)
Actions taken to prevent the spread of disease by treating all blood and other body fluids as if they contained pathogens.
Gloves
Face Shields
Masks
Gowns

13. Care Get permission to help victim
Care for life-threatening emergencies 1st
Calm / reassure victim
Watch for changes in victims breathing
Help victim rest comfortably

14. Wash Yo' Nasty Hands

15. Primary Concerns
Breathing
Signs of Circulation
Bleeding

16. Open Wounds Abrasion: scrape – damage to the outer layer of skin
Laceration: cut – caused by a sharp edge objects (knife, glass)
Puncture: wound caused when pointed object pierces skin (pin, nail)
Avulsion: results when tissue is separated partly from person’s body

17. First Aid for Bleeding Stop the bleeding Protect the wound
Direct pressure, pressure points, elevate
Protect the wound
Treat for shock
Get Help

18. Shock
Failure of the cardiovascular system to keep adequate blood circulation to the vital organs of the body.
Keep victim calm, lie them down, maintain normal body temperature, get medical help ASAP. Elevate legs if possible.

19. Secondary Concerns Burns Nosebleeds Frostbite Heat Emergencies
Snakebites
Fractures
Sprains
Unconsciousness
Concussion

20. Burns First Degree Superficial burns, top layer of skin. Ex. sunburn
Tx: Cool water
Second Degree
Several layers of skin involved
Blisters
Tx: Cool water.
Beware of infection around broken blisters

21. Third Degree Burns Most serious type of burn
Can destroy all layers of skin as well as nerves, muscles, fat and bones. The burn will look black or brown (red and white).
Tx: Do not clean burned area. Cover with clean cloth and get help ASAP. Watch for breathing.

22. Frostbite Don’t rub the area. Soak area in warm water.
Bandage the injured part, placing sheets of gauze between the warmed fingers and toes.
Seek professional help.

23. Heat Emergencies HEATSTROKE
Look for lack of perspiration and vomiting, confusion, irregular pulse. Victim may lose consciousness.
*Get victim to a cool area.
*Place icepacks around the neck, groin and under the arms.
*Get medical help.
HEAT CRAMPS
Move victim out of the heat.
Apply pressure to the cramped area.
Give the victim sips of water or a sports drink.

24. Snakebites Go to hospital/call for help
Keep bitten area below the heart
No cold! No alcohol, sedatives or aspirin!
Watch breathing.

25. FRACTURES Keep the bone ends from moving.
(splint, rolled newspapers, cardboard)
Don’t try to set the bone.
Seek medical help immediately.

26. SPRAINS
REST
ICE
COMPRESSION
ELEVATION
R I C E

27. Unconsciousness Concussion
Condition in which a person is not alert and aware of his or her surroundings (Fainting)
Tx: Lie victim down, elevate legs, seek help. Monitor breathing & circulation
Concussion
A jarring injury to the brain that affects normal brain function.
Tx: Monitor breathing, heart rate, seek help

28. Basic Wound Care

29. Practice

32. Remember when your mom told you not to run with the scissors and forks