1. War in the Pacific December 1942 – September 1945

4. Philippines 80,000 US and Filipino troops v. 200,000 Japanese 80,000 US and Filipino troops v. 200,000 Japanese 14,000 killed and 48,000 wounded Allies forced General Douglas MacArthur to abandon the Philippines, and said, “I shall return” 14,000 killed and 48,000 wounded Allies forced General Douglas MacArthur to abandon the Philippines, and said, “I shall return”

5. Bataan Death March

6. 70,000 – largest US army to surrender 60 miles, intense heat, almost no food/water Btwn 5,000-11,000 never made it to the end Once @ camp, torture began 2 out of 3 soldiers never survived POW camps in the Philippines

8. After US loss at Philippines… Air strikes on Tokyo April 18, 1942 Lift US spirits; Japan’s not invincible

9. Battle of the Coral Sea US and Australian forces to stop Jap attack on Australia All fighting: carrier-based airplanes, enemy ships never saw ea. Other or exchanged gunfire Allies lost more ships (Jap declared victory) Allies: Jap fleet was lacking too much fuel to continue onto Australia

10. Battle of Midway Admiral Chester Nimitz: commander of US naval forces in the Pacific, intercepted messages – Jap invasion of Midway (110 ships; the largest naval assembly in history); then planned to head to Hawaii (June ’42) Outnumbered 4:1, led a surprise attack. Destroyed 4 irreplaceable aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 322 planes Midway “avenged Pearl Harbor”

11. Island Hopping  US strategy in the Pacific against Japan  Jap was spread across hundreds of islands and across thousands of miles of ocean  “leapfrog” Jap strongholds  1 st seize weaker islands, build airfields, and use airpower to cut enemy supply lines

12. Guadalcanal – (Solomon Islands) Aug. 1942, 1 st land battle in Pac. 19,000 troops Eventually, Japan abandoned 6 months later and called it the Island of Death, to the US it was called simply “hell” (1/3 Amer. Died) (6 months) Japan’s 1 st land defeat

13. Leyte Island (Philippines) October 1944; 3 days of battle 178,000 Allied troops and 738 ships landed on Leyte (Jap used entire fleet at this battle, used new tactic  kamikazes) General MacArthur returned

14. 424 kamikazes sunk 16 ships and damaged another 80 Destroyed Japan’s navy Liberated US P.O.W.’s

16. Iwo Jima The Japanese strategy was unique for three reasons: 1. The Japanese didn't fight above ground. They fought the battle entirely from beneath the ground. They dug 1,500 rooms into the rock. These were connected with 16 miles of tunnels. 2. Japanese strategy called for "no Japanese survivors." They planned not to survive. 3. Japanese strategy was for each soldier to kill 10 Americans before they themselves are killed.

18. Iwo Jima cont. Iwo Jima was Japanese home soil, part of Japan, only 650 miles from Tokyo No foreign army in Japan's 5000 year history had trod on Japanese soil. To the US, Iwo Jima's importance lay in its location, midway between Japan and American bomber bases in the Marianas. It was also an ideal sanctuary for crippled bombers returning from Japan.

19. In Tokyo months before the invasion, General Kuribayashi had been told "if America's casualties are high enough, Washington will think twice before launching an another invasion against Japanese territory.“

20. More US Marines earned the Medal of Honor on Iwo Jima than in any other battle in US History. In 36 days of fighting there were 25,851 US casualties (1 in 3 were killed or wounded). Of these, 6,825 American boys were killed. Virtually all 22,000 Japanese perished.

21. The Marines' effort provided a vital link in the U.S. chain of bomber bases. By war's end, 2,400 B-29 bombers carrying 27,000 crewman had made emergency landings on Iwo Jima.

22. FDR Unprecedented 4 th term as president Nov. ’44 w/ Harry Truman as running mate On April 12, 1945: FDR was posing for a picture in Warm Springs, had a stroke, and died hrs. later Harry S. Truman is now President

23. Battle of Okinawa Jap’s last defensive outpost Largest and last campaign 1,900 kamikaze attacks on US Ended June 22, 1945; about 13,000 Americans died (Jap: 110,000 lives) 2 Generals chose ritual suicide over surrender

24. Result from 2 kamikazes

25. Pilot, Col. Paul W. Tibbets, before he bombs Hiroshima