1. The Battles for the Pacific

2. Japanese Advances Within Six months after Pearl Harbor, Japan dwarfed the German Empire by taking the following: Hong Kong French Indochina Malaya Burma Thailand Half of China Formosa Dutch East Indies Guam Wake Solomon Islands 2 Aleutian Islands

3. Japan takes the Philippines December 1941 to May 1942 Gen. MacArthur held out for 4 months w/ 31,000 US troops and 110,000 under-trained and ill-equipped Filipino troops as 200,000 Japanese troops invaded MacArthur abandoned, he and officers escaped to Australia, as he left he stated: “I shall return.” American and Philippine troops suffered 14,000 KIA, 48,000 wounded, and approx. 80,000 endured cruel imprisonment or execution at the hands of the Japanese

4. Battle of Coral Sea May 1942 America/Australia intercepted info that Japan was going to leave from New Guinea to invade Australia Significance: –First battle where ships never saw each other, airplanes played large role –First Halt of Japanese since Pearl Harbor Allies lost more ships, but Japan ran out of fuel to continue to Australia 543 American causalities

7. Battle of Midway June 1942 US intercepted messages of Japanese naval force (largest assembled in history) heading toward Midway and were to then continue to finish off Pearl Harbor US Outnumbered 4 to 1 in ships and planes, but the US commander prepared a surprise reception

9. Battle of Midway By the end, Japan lost: –4 “irreplaceable” aircraft carriers –A cruiser –322 Planes American Casualties – 307 Japanese Casualties –Several thousand sailors –200-300 pilots

10. US Strategy Can go hundreds of miles without seeing land Japanese dug in on hundreds of islands scattered over thousands of miles of ocean Too costly to storm each one Bypass Japanese strongholds Seize well fortified Islands, build airfields, cut off enemy supply lines

11. Battle of Guadalcanal August 1942 Significance: –First US land offensive –First Japanese defeat on land 6 months until Japanese abandoned island, known as “Island of Death.” US had 6,000 casualties, 1600 dead

13. Battle of Guam July 1944 (Mariana Islands – includes Saipan and Tinian) Guam was formerly a US possession until Japan took it in 1941 Strategic Importance –great for Airbases –Almost can fly from Guam to Tokyo Approx. 3,000 Americans killed; 7,122 wounded

15. Second Battle of the Philippines – Battle for Leyte Gulf October 1944 Significance: –MacArthur wanted revenge for 1 st battle “People of the Philippines, I have returned. –First testing of the Kamikaze (suicide plane), 424 Kamikaze planes sank 16 ships, damaged 80 Disaster for Japanese – huge loss of naval force (3 ships, 13 cruisers, 400 planes) Arguments over necessity –cut off Japan from western possessions –Did not really use it for US military purposes – cost well over 2,000 American lives

19. Battle of Iwo Jima Iwo Jima was 8 square miles of volcanic rock, 660 miles from Tokyo Purpose: Serve as a refueling stop for the B-29 and B-24s that would soon be flying out of the fields in the Marianas to bomb the Japanese mainland. Nov. 1944 aerial bombardment of Iwo Jima began, lasted 74 days. The 21,000 Japanese defenders survived this b/c of underground fortresses connected by 16 miles of tunnels stocked with food, water, and ammunition. The surface was covered with concrete pillboxes and blockhouses housing some 800 gun positions.

20. Battle of Iwo Jima Feb. 19, 1945 the attack began as the landing ships dropped the Marines on the loose volcanic sand, which was nearly impossible to get traction in. The island was deemed secure on March 25, 25 days longer than planners had counted on. 6821 Americans and 19,000 Japanese died at Iwo Jima.

23. Battle of Okinawa April 1, 1945 – Battle began Okinawa had approx. 120,000 defenders. Significance: Really the last major battle in the Pacific. Importance to Strategy: 330 miles from Tokyo, and was big enough to support 800 heavy bombers. Organized resistance gradually fell apart by June 22, 1945.

24. Battle of Okinawa: Victory at a Price Japanese Losses: –107,000 killed –7,400 taken prisoner –Possible loss of another 20,000 dead as a result of US tactics whereby Japanese troops were incinerated where they fought. –16 ships sunk and over 4,000 aircraft were lost. Americans Losses: –7,373 men killed, 32,056 wounded on land. –5,000 killed, 4,600 wounded at sea. –Lost 36 ships, 368 ships were also damaged. –763 aircraft were destroyed.

27. The Total Numbers 7,000+ — Americans died on Iwo Jima 12,000+ — Americans died on Okinawa 51,983 — Americans died in the Pacific 1,140,429 — members of the Japanese military died during WWII 700,000 to 10,000,000 (variously estimated) — Japanese civilians died in WWII