1. Understanding Behaviour
Teaching Replacement Skills

2. Getting re-connected
Activity:
“Random
Numbers”

3. The Big Picture Ecological Factors Environmental Social Physical
Setting Events
Trigger
Obtain
Avoid

4. Functional Behaviour Assessment Steps
Decide if a intervention is warranted
Develop a personal profile
Define the target behaviour
Conduct a functional behaviour interview
Conduct direct observations
Use setting events checklist
Form hypothesis
Design an support plan (prevent, teach and respond)
Evaluate plan

5. Intervention Plan Prevent (A) Environment Classroom Instruction
Visual supports
Transition supports
Setting events
Providing choices
Replace (B)
Self-monitoring
Social Skills
Coping & problem solving strategies
Communication skills or systems
Increased Engaged Time
Responding to teacher
Academic Skills
Respond (C )
Specific to the student
Ignoring
Redirecting
Contingencies by educators and peers
Crisis Intervention

6. Teaching new behaviours
Teach in a systematic way (prompting levels, reinforce)
Logically related to the assessment
Function of the behaviour
What should the student do instead of the target behaviour
How is the environment supporting the behaviour
Teach general positive behaviours
Teach specific skills that allow the student to escape or obtain something in a more acceptable manner

7. General Positive Behaviours
Organizational Skills
Solving Conflicts
writing down homework in agenda
organizing desk
organizing binders
developing a timeline to finish a project on time
to-do-lists; checklists
role-play
class meetings
social skills curriculums
response to literature
board games

8. General Positive Behaviours
Coping Strategies
Peer relationships
visuals
social stories
relaxation strategies
time away or quiet area in classroom
pro social skill curriculums
games; play groups
mentor (peer or adults)
role plays
Extra curricular activities

9. Replacement Behaviours
Rewrite: The student needs to settle down.
To: The student will stay in his seat when the teacher is instructing the class.

10. Examples of Replacement Behaviours
Protest
Instead of swearing use simple acceptable (to teacher and student) protest language
Escape
Use a break card
Go to a designated time away area
Ask for help
Avoid
I want to work on...card
I want to work with...card

11. Examples of Replacement Behaviours
Getting attention from peers
Using names at appropriate time
Tapping on shoulder
Introducing a topic
Talking about peer interests
Requesting access to a preferred activity
Hand picture of desired activity

12. Teaching Replacement Behaviours
The Basic Sequence
Identify situations where the new skills will be appropriate
Select the skill to teach
Determine the threshold point at which the student is likely to engage in the target behaviour
Prompt the replacement behaviour before s/he is likely to engage in the target behaviour
Reinforce the replacement behaviour - in the early stages of learning shape responses and reinforce approximations

13. Reinforcement Something proven to increase behaviour
Contingently follows the desired behaviour
The frequency of earning either the reinforcer or token must match the students ability to delay gratification

14. Reinforcement Delivered IMMEDIATELY after each desired behaviour
Offer more than one reinforcer and allow the student to pre-select or to select after the replacement skill has been demonstrated

15. Reinforcer Examples Physical High five Pat on the back Thumbs up
Verbal
“You made a good choice!”
Be specific and vary
Done in front of peers and builds positive reputation of student

16. Reinforcer examples Activities access Time on the computer Free time
Listening to music
First to leave at break time
Headphones for 5 minutes
Tangibles
Positive phone calls
Positive notes home
objects

17. Reinforcer examples Privileges Token Economy Systems Passes
Permission to sit where you want
Exemption from an assignment or activity
Extra points
Token Economy Systems

18. Implementing the Intervention
Implement the intervention through out every day
Changes in behaviour take time
Some behaviours (attention seeking) will intensify before decreasing
Environmental factors can impinge upon effectiveness
Involve student where ever possible
Take data! (assists teams with evaluating the plan)

19. Things to Try for Next Time
Read:
Positive Reinforcement and Token Economy articles
Complete a 3, 2,1 sheet for each article
3 key points
2 ideas I can use
1 question I need to ask