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WWII: Pacific Theatre Act I 12/7/1941: Pearl Harbor 12/1941-5/1942: Grim Defeat and Retreat Fall of Dutch East Indies, Fall of Philippines, Corregidor,

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Presentation on theme: "WWII: Pacific Theatre Act I 12/7/1941: Pearl Harbor 12/1941-5/1942: Grim Defeat and Retreat Fall of Dutch East Indies, Fall of Philippines, Corregidor,"— Presentation transcript:

1 WWII: Pacific Theatre Act I 12/7/1941: Pearl Harbor 12/1941-5/1942: Grim Defeat and Retreat Fall of Dutch East Indies, Fall of Philippines, Corregidor, Bataan Death March, Gen. MacArthur – “I shall return.” http://www.libraries.psu.edu/ma ps/photo/8-Bataan.jpg http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/pacificwar/2130.jpg

2 http://ghostofbataan.com/image2/deathm1.jpg PHILIPPINES 80,000 US VS. 200,000 JAPAN After 5 Months- US Forces: 14,000 KIA 48,000 WIA

3 Map: Closing the Circle on Japan, 1942-1945 Closing the Circle on Japan, 1942-1945 Following the Battle of Midway, with the invasion of Guadalcanal (August 1942), American forces began the costly process of island hopping. This map shows the paths of the American campaign in the Pacific, closing the circle on Japan. After the Soviet Union entered the war and Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by atomic bombs, Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

4 The Doolittle Raids On April 18, 1942, sixteen B25 bombers, with 80 volunteers commanded by Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle, took off from the aircraft carrier Hornet. Their mission was to drop the first bombs on Tokyo, Nagoya and Yokohama. All reached their targets successfully, with little Japanese response. Then, low on fuel, fifteen of the planes crashed or were abandoned in China. (The Japanese would eventually execute 250,000 Chinese for helping the American fliers escape.) A sixteenth plane landed near Vladivostok. Two of the Doolittle raiders came down in enemy territory and three crewmen were executed. But 71 men eventually came home. http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h97000/h97502t.jpg http://www.pbs.org/perilousfight/_images/photos/battlefield/doolittle/05.jpg

5 WWII: Pacific Theatre Act II May-June 1942: Allies Turn the Tide Battle of the Coral Sea (saves Australia) Battle of Midway (destroys Japanese Carriers) Aug. 1942: “Island Hopping” begins Guadalcanal (20K Japanese dead to 1200 USA) Tarawa, Marianas, Solomon Islands Aug. 1943: Recover Aleutian Islands MEANWHILE: US subs destroy Japansese navy, US begins bombing Tokyo and Japan

6 Battle of Midway Admiral Chester Nimitz, US Commander US uses intercepted/decoded Japanese messages re: invasion fleet of 110 ships Nimitz sets trap, destroys 332 planes, 4 aircraft carriers, and many experienced Japanese pilots http://www.pbs.org/perilousfight/_images/photos/battlefield/doolittle/11.jpg http://www.cnn.com/TECH/science/9806/04/yorktown.found/midway.island.lg.jpg

7 Island Hopping By-pass Japanese strong-points Seize small, unfortified islands Build airfields on them Use air power to destroy Japanese supply lines Starve out Japanese strong-points Repeat

8 Tarawa by Tom Lovell On November 21, 1943, marines stormed ashore on the atoll of Tarawa, soon to be called "Bloody Tarawa." The marines secured the island, but the cost was high. Of the 5,000 marines who fought in the battle, more than 1,000 were killed and another 2,000 wounded. Nearly all of the 5,000 Japanese defenders died, many in a final "death charge." (U.S. Marine Corps Museum) Tarawa by Tom Lovell Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

9 Map: Closing the Circle on Japan, 1942-1945 Closing the Circle on Japan, 1942-1945 Following the Battle of Midway, with the invasion of Guadalcanal (August 1942), American forces began the costly process of island hopping. This map shows the paths of the American campaign in the Pacific, closing the circle on Japan. After the Soviet Union entered the war and Hiroshima and Nagasaki were destroyed by atomic bombs, Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

10 Gen. Douglas MacArthur Supreme Commander of Allies in Pacific Utilized “island hopping” Brilliant strategist 1/10 kill ratio US/Jap. Put in charge of governing Japan after WWII Led US forces in Korean War Fired by Truman for insubordination http://www.e-yliko.gr/Fyyl/Istoria/prosopawwarII/Douglas%20MacArthur.gif

11 WWII: Pacific Theatre Act III Oct. 1944: Battle of Leyte Gulf (final destruction of J navy) Jan.-July 1945-: Liberation of Philippines March 1945: Iwo Jima April-June 1945: Okinawa (Kamikaze) July 1945: Potsdam Conference (US, UK, USSR’s ultimatum) Aug. 6, 1945: Hiroshima – 180,000 deaths Aug. 9, 1945: Nagasaki – 80,000 deaths Sep. 2, 1945: V-J Day

12 Kamikaze “divine wind” Used in Battle of Leyte Gulf, Philippines 424 kamikaze pilots sunk 16 ships, damaged 80 Similar suicidal resistance shown by Japanese army on Iwo Jima, Okinawa Okinawa: 1900 kamikaze attacks sink 30 ships, damage 300, kill 5,000 sailors http://www.rotten.com/library/death/kamikaze/kamikaze.jpg

13 Manhattan Project http://www.cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/images/OppenheimeBlackboardLarge.jpg Secret project to develop atomic bomb Racing Germans and Soviets Began in 1942 Scientists organized by J. Robert Oppenheimer (above right) many scientists are refugees from fascist countries Bombs use plutonium and uranium 235 First bomb, “Trinity,” tested July 16, 1945 near Alamogordo, NM – beginning of atomic age http://www.cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/images/TrinityLarge.jpg

14 TRUMAN TRUMAN REPLACES FDR VET OF WWI MISSOURI HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION COMES TO POLITICS AFTER FAILING AT BUSINESS WHO DOES HE REMIND YOU OF? http://www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/firstln/955pres12.gif

15 YALTA: February 1945 Last meeting of the Big Three Stalin joins fight against Japan USSR gets Manchuria, Kuril, Sakhalin Founding of the United Nations, based on Atlantic Charter What is it? Pact? Agreement? Sell-out? Is it Versailles? Is it Munich? Or…?

16 Island Bases in Marianas and on Iwo Jima provided strategic staging areas for the bombing of Japan and dropping of the bomb. http:// www.mbe.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/potsdam_decision.htm

17 Hiroshima & Nagasaki

18 New World Order (?) Nuremburg Trials: 1945 –Trial of Nazi and German Military Leaders –Foundations of International Human Rights New Crimes: –Crimes against Humanity –Crimes against Geneva Convention Division of Germany among “Big Four” –US, UK, USSR, and France –East and West Germany Military Administration of Germany and Japan –Gen. MacArthur runs Japan, writes democratic constitution

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