1. Social Control

2. Enforcing norms
Two basic methods of enforcing norms-- internalization and sanctions
Internalization- process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual’s personality, thus conditioning that individual to conform to society’s expectations
Sanctions- rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms

3. Four Types of Sanctions
Positive Sanctions- action that
rewards a particular kind of
behavior
Examples:
Parents praising children
Teachers giving good grades
Raises given at work
Awards

4. Four Types of Sanctions
Negative Sanctions- punishment or threat of punishment used to enforce conformity
Used to discourage undesired behavior
Examples:
Frowns
Imprisonment
Fines
Threats
Positive and Negative Sanctions will not work if people are not sure that rewards or punishment will follow the behavior.
They also must be awarded frequently

5. Four Types of Sanctions
Formal Sanctions- reward or punishment given by a formal organization or regulatory agency,
such as a school, business, or government
Negative Formal Sanctions- imprisonment, detentions, termination from a job
Positive Formal Sanctions-
graduation certificates, promotions, awards

6. Four Types of Sanctions
Informal Sanctions- spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval given by an individual or group
Majority of norms enforced this way
Particularly effective among teenagers
Positive Informal Sanctions: gifts, compliments
Negative Informal Sanctions: gossip, insults

7. Social Control
Social Control- enforcing norms through either internal or external means
Needed to ensure social conformity and social stability
Main way: self-control which is learned through internalization
External enforcement: authority figures, police, religion, parents, public opinion

8. Social Control ENFORCEMENT OF SOCIAL NORMS
Internalization: how a norm becomes part of a person’s personality, causing them to conform to society’s expectations
Sanctions: rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms
Positive: action that rewards a particular kind of behavior
Negative: punishment or the threat of punishment to enforce conformity
Formal: reward or punishment by a formal organization or regulatory agency, such as a school
Informal: spontaneous expression of approval or disapproval by an individual or group