1. Human Geography of Canada Developing a Vast Wilderness
History and Government of Canada

2. Objective
The student will examine Canadian expansion and development and be able to describe Canadian government.

3. Places and Terms province Dominion of Canada confederation
parliamentary government
parliament
prime minister

4. The First Settlers and Colonial Rivalry
Canada’s vast size & cold climate affected it’s development.
Early people migrated after the last Ice Age, many being the ancestors of the Inuit (Eskimos)
16th & 17th Century: Colonization by France & Britain.
Coastal fisheries & fur trade important to both countries.

5. Britain and France in Canada
Two Cultures
Roman Catholic French
Lower Canada (Quebec)
Protestant English
Upper Canada (Ontario)

6. Britain and France in Canada
Establishing the Dominion of Canada
1867: British North America Act
A loose confederation of Ontario & Quebec as well as Nova Scotia & New Brunswick
Had self-government but remained part of British Empire with Ottawa as the capital
Expansion of Dominion was rapid

8. Continental Expansion
1872: Construction of transcontinental railroad
Not long after the completion of the railroad gold was found in Yukon which brought people from all over the world to seek their fortune
As a result of the transcontinental railroad many towns developed.

9. Governing Canada
Canada was recognized as an independent nation by Britain in 1931
Parliamentary Government
Legislative & Executive functions are combined into “parliament”
Canada is independent but it’s symbolic head of state remains the British Monarch
Majority party’s leader in parliament becomes “Prime Minister”

10. Review Questions Why did France and Britain fight?
Why was the Dominion of Canada formed?
What brought immigrants to Canada in the late 1800s?
How is it determined who heads the government?

11. Human Geography of Canada Developing a Vast Wilderness
Economy and Culture of Canada

12. Objective
The student will identify economic power and examine cultural diversity in Canada.

13. Places and Terms
First Nations
métis (may-TEES)
reserve

14. Economy and Culture of Canada
Fur trade was a major economic activity in early Canada
First Nations - Canada’s native peoples began fur trade with European Fisherman during the 16th century

15. Economy and Culture of Canada
Primary Industries: Farming, logging, mining, & fishing
Only 5% of land suitable for farming
Biggest export: Forest products
Three ocean coastlines give ample access to fishing industry
North American Free Trade Agreement or NAFTA signed in (1994) allowed the United States and Canada to trade goods easily. These two countries share the largest open border in the world.

17. Economy and Culture of Canada
Canada is officially a bilingual country
English speaking majority
French speaking minority
Only in Quebec is French spoken in the majority

18. Economy and Culture of Canada
Sports and Recreation
Canadians enjoy sports such as skating, ice hockey, fishing, skiing, golf, and hunting are popular.
The First Native peoples developed the game of lacrosse.

19. Human Geography of Canada Developing a Vast Wilderness
Subregions of Canada

20. Objective
The student will examine the subregions of Canada.

21. Places and Terms Atlantic Provinces Quebec Ontario Prairie Provinces
British Columbia
Nunavut

23. Subregions of Canada
Canada is divided into ten provinces and three territories
Atlantic Provinces include Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, & St. John

24. Subregions of Canada
Core Provinces include Quebec and Ontario, which sustain three out of every five Canadian residents
Prairie Provinces are part of the Great Plains of North America.
Pacific Provinces include British Columbia and the three territories
Nunavut was carved out of the eastern half of the Northwest Territories and is home to many of Canada’s Inuit

25. Map Activity
Using a piece of computer paper draw Canada and label all ten provinces and three territories.
Label the following areas – Ottawa, Toronto, Quebec, St. Lawrence, Newfoundland, Winnipeg, Calgary, Vancouver, Edmond, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Hudson Bay
Reference pages 154, 157, and Atlas – p.11
Ask teacher for markers, map pencils, or other supplies