1. LEQ: What were the causes of the Reformation?
Drill:
Which church came to dominate Europe during the Middle Ages?

2. The Reformation
A movement of religious reform (change)

3. Causes of the Reformation
Social:
Questioning of the Church
The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church
Political:
Monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe
Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority

4. Causes of The Reformation
Economic:
European princes and kings were jealous of the Church’s wealth
Merchants and others resented having to pay taxes to the Church
Religious:
Some Church leaders had become worldly (secular) and corrupt
Many people found Church practices such as indulgences as unacceptable

5. Indulgences
 Any devoted Catholic could pay money to the church in exchange for the forgiveness of sins
To some indulgences was a corrupt practice that was "irrelevant to divine forgiveness," and aimed more at financially benefiting the pope

6. Martin Luther Tasks: Read the handout provided (DO NOT WRITE ON IT)
Take notes that:
Identify Martin Luther
Identify which Church practices Martin Luther attacked
Describe 2 major teachings of Luther
Explain why German princes supported Luther

7. LEQ: How did the Reformation in Germany influence other areas in Europe?
Drill:
How might the philosophy of Humanism encouraged people to question the Church in the 16th century?
*Data from 2011*

9. Pop-Quiz Martin Luther was A) a reverend and civil rights leader
B) a German monk who spared a reform movement
C) an Italian Renaissance painter
What practice did Luther attack in his 95 theses
A) indulgences
B) Communion
C) Reconciliation

10. Pop-Quiz 3. Luther taught
A) that good works alone does not guarantee salvation
B) individuals do not need a priest to interpret the Bible
C) both A and B
German princes supported Luther because
A) they like Luther
B) they wanted independence from the Holy Roman Empire
C) they didn’t agree with the pope

11. Protestantism (a.k.a. Reformation)
Movement to reform and break from the Roman Catholic Church lead by Martin Luther in 1517
Today Protestants have many denominations:
Baptists
Anglican (Church of England)
Presbyterian
Lutheran
Pentecostal
Each is similar to the Roman Catholic Church, but do not view the pope as the religious leader.

12. The Break with Rome
Why did Henry VIII of England, a self-proclaimed devout Catholic, quarrel with the pope?
What did the Act of Supremacy of 1534 do?
In what ways is the Church of England different from the Catholic Church?
How did King Henry VIII’s heirs handle religion in England?

13. The Break with Rome
Henry VIII’s quarrel with the pope was purely personal. He wanted a divorce; after six years he broke from Rome
* His wife, Catherine did not produce a male heir to his liking.
Henry VIII had mistresses; Mary and Anne Boleyn
English Parliament recognized the king as the supreme head of the Church of England

14. The Break with Rome
Allowed priests to marry and use an English translation of the Bible
Edward VI = Protestant; Book of Common Prayer
Mary Tudor = Persecuted Anglicans; restored Catholic Church
Elizabeth I = Religious compromise; persecuted all who did not accept her policies; made England a Protestant nation
Edward VI = mother was King Henry’s third wife, Jane Seymour
Mary = mother was Catherine
Elizabeth = mother was Anne Boleyn

15. The Wives of Henry VIII