1. Of Popes and Kings
7.34 Demonstrate understanding of the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs, including Charlemagne, Gregory VII, and Emperor Henry IV.

2. Objectives
I can understand the power of the pope’s and kings during the Middle Ages
So that we can understand the cooperation and conflict between the pope and king
I will know I have it when create a Venn Diagram that shows the power of the Kings and Popes

3. A power shift
In early Middle Ages nobles and knights held the most power
As time went on Kings and Popes both gained power
Kings – Political power
Popes – Religious Power

6. The Power of the Popes Head of the Christian church
Which pretty much all of Europe belonged to
Was seen as God’s representative on Earth
Decided what the church would teach
If you went against the church you would be excommunicated
Cast out from the church

8. The Power of Kings Ruled their lands Controlled everything political
Tax rates
Armies
Land distribution
Laws
Created alliances
Power was passed down through family

9. The Holy Roman Empire Grew out of Charlemagne’s empire
Emperor could only take the throne with the approval of the Pope
Would be elected by nobles
Squabbles between the King and Nobles were settled by the Pope

11. Pope Problems Western Europe viewed the Pope as the head of the church
Eastern Europe however never heard from the pope
The bishops did whatever they wanted
One pope did not like this
Pope Leo IX

12. Pope Leo IX splits the church
Wanted to bring ALL of Europe under his control
Eastern Bishops didn’t like it
Especially the Bishop of Constantinople
Pope Leo excommunicated the Bishop
People had to choose sides
Pope Leo’s side became Roman Catholics
Bishop of Constantinople became the Orthodox Church

14. Popes and Kings Clash Popes wanted power/Kings wanted power
This can only be a bad thing
For example:
Popes normally selected Bishops
Kings thought they should be able to

15. Popes and Kings Clash
This came to a head with Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV
Pope Gregory did not like a Bishop chosen by King Henry
Henry tried to convince the Bishops to remove Pope Gregory
In return Pope Gregory excommunicated Henry and convinced the Nobles to overthrow him

16. A desperate man King Henry wanted to stay in power
He traveled to Italy to beg forgiveness
He stood in the snow for three days barefoot before being allowed to see Pope Gregory
Eventually King Henry was restored to the church and throne

17. Concordat of Worms
Finally in 1122 a new pope and new king made a compromise
Church officials would choose the bishop
King would have to approve
Bishop would have to obey the King