1. John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

2. John Adams Lawyer that defended the British soldiers accused of murder in the Boston Massacre Signer of the Declaration of Independence Negotiator of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 that ended the American Revolution 1 st President to occupy the White House

3. Who was John Adams? Who is he? New Englander New Englander Wealthy Wealthy Federalist Federalist Not always well-liked Not always well-liked Born 10/30/1735 Born 10/30/1735 Died 7/4/1826 (4 th of July and the same day as T. Jefferson) Died 7/4/1826 (4 th of July and the same day as T. Jefferson) Served 1 Term Vice President-Thomas Jefferson Party Affiliation-Federalist Born in Braintree, Mass First Lady-Abigail Smith College Education-Harvard Biographica l Informatio n

4. Transfer of power between Washington and Adams was smooth. Transfer of power between Washington and Adams was smooth. Sign that the Constitution set up practices that would work to ensure ongoing gov’t. Sign that the Constitution set up practices that would work to ensure ongoing gov’t. Had Jefferson as Vice-President. (in other words, they were not of the same party or political philosophy Had Jefferson as Vice-President. (in other words, they were not of the same party or political philosophy Coming to power

5. A. XYZ Affair: 1. France wanted a loan and their officials tried to bribe US officials 2. Aroused anti-French feeling AND American nationalism: also aroused anti-Republican feeling since they advocated alliance with France instead of Britain. PROBLEMS

6. B. Alien and Sedition act-1798 1. Alien Act: gave Pres. wide power to expel “dangerous foreigners” – especially French immigrants (who often became Republican once citizens 2. Sedition Act- forbade false/scandalous criticisms of gov’t -if found guilt, could be imprisoned or deported. PROBLEMS

7. C. Public Opinion 1. Republicans felt these acts were aimed at them and that they limited freedom of speech and American liberties 2. Idea that states could choose to ignore federal acts first arose here: Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions said states could declare acts of Congress null and void. 3. Both these acts died when Jefferson became Pres. PROBLEMS

8. Thomas Jefferson To what extent did President Jefferson live up to his own ideals as a strict constructionist?

9. Biographical “Renaissance Man”  architect  statesman,  philosopher  writer  inventor  surveyor  politician  musician  multi-lingual  had an informal style

10. Election 1800 Election: settled by House of Reps. among Jefferson, Burr and Adams: Jefferson won with Burr VP Cabinet: -Sec. of State: James Madison -Did not appoint Federalists to important posts -Promised people there would not be a strong federal gov’t although his actions did not always follow that promise.

11. Louisiana Purchase: Constitution did not give Pres. Power to buy land and Jefferson favored strict interpretation/construction of the Constitution. Constitution did not give Pres. Power to buy land and Jefferson favored strict interpretation/construction of the Constitution. BUT wanted the land since it was a real bargain (15 million from France) BUT wanted the land since it was a real bargain (15 million from France) Doubled the size of the country Doubled the size of the country He accomplished it using his power to make treaties He accomplished it using his power to make treaties Sent Lewis and Clark to map its expanse Sent Lewis and Clark to map its expanse Landmark Changes

12. Marbury V. Madison (1803): Major Supreme Court decision made in which John Marshall as Chief Justice took the power of judicial review for the Court Major Supreme Court decision made in which John Marshall as Chief Justice took the power of judicial review for the Court Case revolved around Adams’ last minute appointment of several Federalist justices to the court and a part of the Judiciary Act that the court felt was unconstitutional Case revolved around Adams’ last minute appointment of several Federalist justices to the court and a part of the Judiciary Act that the court felt was unconstitutional Landmark Changes

13. Foreign Trade: Foreign trade prospered even though war between France and Britain had broken out again. Foreign trade prospered even though war between France and Britain had broken out again. Tension grew as our trade was increasingly hampered by blockades on European trade by both Britain and France and interference with out shipping. Tension grew as our trade was increasingly hampered by blockades on European trade by both Britain and France and interference with out shipping. Landmark Changes

14. Alien and Sedition Acts Revisited: Pardoned many imprisoned by the Alien and Sedition Acts Pardoned many imprisoned by the Alien and Sedition Acts Financial Policies: Lowered taxes and debt by cutting military Lowered taxes and debt by cutting military Continued Hamilton’s financial policies-even the bank, though against both originally Continued Hamilton’s financial policies-even the bank, though against both originally Landmark Changes

15. Jefferson Brings Peace, Prosperity in 1804 Lewis and Clark Legacy: Aaron Burr- Foreign Policy Troubles- Barbary Pirates: Napoleonic Wars: Chesapeake-Leopold Affair: Embargo Act:

17. Lewis and Clark Legacy The Journey: 1804 St. Louis  Crossed Rockies  Reached Oregon Coast on the Pacific Ocean  returned in 1806 1804 St. Louis  Crossed Rockies  Reached Oregon Coast on the Pacific Ocean  returned in 1806Effects: Increased geographical and scientific knowledge of the United States Increased geographical and scientific knowledge of the United States Strengthened US claims to the Oregon Territory Strengthened US claims to the Oregon Territory Improved the relationship with the Native Americans Improved the relationship with the Native Americans Developed maps Developed maps

18. Aaron Burr Federal Conspiracy Federal Conspiracy Duel with Alexander Hamilton (killed) Duel with Alexander Hamilton (killed) Trial for treason in 1806 Trial for treason in 1806

19. Foreign Policy Troubles Goal=Maintain Neutrality Goal=Maintain Neutrality Barbary Pirates Barbary Pirates +Gained Respect/protection to merchants ships -Didn’t win any decisive battles

20. Napoleonic Wars Chesapeake-Leopold Affair 1807 Chesapeake-Leopold Affair 1807 Britain-Leopold (Ship) fired on the US-Chesapeake (Ship) Britain-Leopold (Ship) fired on the US-Chesapeake (Ship) Resulted in: 3 Americans Killed, 4 Americans taken captive and a strong Anti-British feeling Resulted in: 3 Americans Killed, 4 Americans taken captive and a strong Anti-British feeling Ultimately, Jefferson used diplomacy and economic pressure to prevent the incident leading to war Ultimately, Jefferson used diplomacy and economic pressure to prevent the incident leading to war

21. Napoleonic Wars Embargo Act: 1807 (In response to the Chesapeake-Leopold Affair) No US merchant ship can trade or sail to a foreign port No US merchant ship can trade or sail to a foreign port This backfired=hurt the US economy not GB This backfired=hurt the US economy not GB New England states were especially hurt-movement to secede from the Union New England states were especially hurt-movement to secede from the Union The Embargo Act failed and was repealed in 1809 The Embargo Act failed and was repealed in 1809 All trade was allowed except with Britain All trade was allowed except with Britain